Prisons Are A Violent Dangerous And Hospitable Place For...

Prisons are a violent, dangerous and hospitable place for any person. A significant amount of academic research and literature exists on the underlying causes of prison tension, violence and misbehaviour within the prison system. Pre 1950 violent outbreaks in the where a largely rare occurrence. Post 1950 violence and riots become a more common occurrence within the prison system. Literature around this issue suggests three main theories of approach when examining the fundamental causes of prison riots. Being: Deprivation, Importation and Situational models. Each model examines different factors contributing to deviance within the prison system and offers an explanation as to why riots might occur. By examining each in detail we can contrast these models with the infamous Mt Eden prison riot of 1965, we can draw conclusions as to the contributing factors of the riot in regards to the general conditions of the prison for prisoners and how the prison was organised and run. Prisons are a complex system of social phenomena, hierarchy, human behaviour and disorder. Prisons are a generally consider an extremely dangerous and violent place that encourage antisocial behaviour. Yet prison riots remain a largely rare event. It wasn t until the 1950s that we started to see a significant increase in the number of riots occurring. This can be seen with over 90% of all reported prison rates occurring within the last four decades (Martin Zimmerman, 1990). Investigations have foundShow MoreRelatedAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 PagesThe Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment gave blacks the rights of citizenship, and The Fifteenth Amendment gave them the right to vote. Until the modern civil rights movement (1950s) blacks were denied access to public places such as restaurants, hotels, theaters, and schools. There were separate facilities marked colored only, which was sanctioned by the courts. 1896 The Supreme Court: â€Å"Racial segregation was legal as long as separate but equal† 1954 The SupremeRead MoreHindi Nibandh on Advantages of Mobile and Disadvantage17790 Words   |  72 Pageswriting a series of essays in favour of free enterprise. Spratt was a Cambridge communist who was sent by the party in 1920s to foment revolution in the subcontinent. Detected in the act, he spent many years in an Indian jail. The books he read in the prison, and his marriage to an Indian woman afterwards, inspired a steady move rightwards. By the 1950s, he was editing a pro-American weekly from Bangalore, called MysIndia. There he inveighed against the economic policies of the government of India. TheseRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesSo only a photocopy of the original typed version exists. During the 1990s, the manuscript was partly typed without alteration into a Word processor, originally an Apple-based system. This was transferred to an IBM system quite recently, but without any conversion of the character codes. It seems that two different systems o f coding diacritics were used and more than two IPA phonetic fonts. Furthermore, for some reason, the typing of the grammar sketch which precedes the manuscript is incomplete. In

Peta - 2376 Words

PETA Kassie White-Simmons U.S. Government – POL 110 Instructor, Dr. McCue December 3, 2012 Strayer University PETA Define an interest group, with examples. The interest group that I will discuss in this paper is the one of the most well-known animal rights groups in the world; People for the ethical treatment of animals, commonly known as, PETA. Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the publics attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland. The group first came to†¦show more content†¦Newkirk told Salon in 2001 that PETA works toward the ideal, but tries in the meantime to provide carrot-and-stick incentives. There has also been criticism from feminists within the movement about the use of scantily clad women in PETAs anti-fur campaigns, and criticism in general that the groups media stunts trivialize animal rights. Newkirks view is that PETA has a duty to be press sluts. Outside the movement, the confrontational nature of PETAs campaigns has caused concern, as has the estimated 85% of animals it euthanizes. PETA was further criticized in 2005 by United States Senator Jim Inhofe for having given grants several years earlier to Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and Earth Liberation Front (ELF) activists, two groups that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has identified as agents of domestic terrorism. PETA responded that it has no involvement in ALF or ELF actions and does not support violence, though Newkirk has elsewhere made clear that she supports the removal of animals from laboratories and other facilities, including as a result of illegal direct action, (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, 2010). For PETA, the only permissible skin to show is human. Partially clad members of the organization participated in a protest alongside ClendeninShow MoreRelatedProcter and Gamble vs Peta588 Words   |  3 Pagesholding signs, but the only text you can make out is the word â€Å"PETA† in big letters across the bottom. â€Å"Just great,† you think to yourself. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, the animal-rights group more commonly know by the acronym PETA, raises more than $25 million a year from its 1.6 million members and supporters. PETA not only campaigns for animal rights but also funds less known animal-rights groups to engage in activism. PETA is extremely adept at organizing public campaigns and mobilizingRead MoreThe Nightmares Of Animals : Peta1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthe emotional side of humans they try to invoke positive emotions but some ads appeal to faze the viewer instead. PETA, which is an acronym for short for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, is an organization that advocates its beliefs that no animal should undergo cruelty to satisfy certain wants and needs through advertisements that often leave the audience appalled. PETA s advertisements have been very successful and have caused an emotional response in the viewers and impacted manyRead MoreKfc Peta Case1229 Words   |  5 Pagessummary A year after closing the McDonald’s campaign, PETA started to target KFC (part of YUM brands) since KFC was behind its competition in protecting animal welfare. KFC made initial efforts to comply without providing specifics of how compliance is achieved, but it was not enough for PETA to give up its commitment towards animal welfare at KFC. Eventually, PETA launched a campaign called Kentucky Fried Cruelty. Study Questions for â€Å"PETA s Kentucky Fried Cruelty, Inc. Campaign† 1a. HowRead MorePeta Research Paper3346 Words   |  14 Pagesa worldwide issue, which is often not acknowledged. The organization PETA (People for the Ethical treatment of Animals); founded in 1981 by Alex Pacheco and Ingrid Newkirk, has been a major force in the world of animal rights and the most successful at eliminating cruelty still to today. They’re here to provide a means of education and conservation. In this Paper I will be discussing several different sources that prove PETA is here for the better. Co-workers have put their lives in danger to goRead MoreAnalysis of PETA Advertisement1939 Words   |  8 Pagesanalysed is advertisement for PETA featuring Pamela Anderson, which aims to sell an ideology of beauty and femininity, as well as sexual empowerment through self-objectification (see appendix for image). This essay will analyse the chosen text through the use of semiology. The essay will analyse the connotations, denotations and myth of the text among other elements. The text is part of a campaign promoting vegetarianism, created by the animal rights advocacy group PETA, featuring actress and modelRead MoreThe Production Of Antigone By Peta Tait Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe production of Antigone by Company B reviewed by Peta Tait is correct in multiple instances even though the production has an incorrect central conflict. Company B’s production is correct when Tait explains how it portrays why Creon did not bury Polyneices’ body and just left it out to the animals instead (71). The production is also correct when implying why Creon treats Antigone and Ismene badly as if they have the dignity of animals (73). By looking at Sophocles’ Antigone, it portrays CreonRead More PETA: Animal Rights Essay1844 Words   |  8 PagesPETA: Animal Rights Doesn’t it kill you to see a movie and see an animal get killed or just hurt in it? Good thing that’s all special effects. Back in the day, around 1966, movies didn’t always use special effects. Khartoum, a movie based on a holy war in the Sudan desert, directed by Basil Dearden and Eliot Elisofon, used horses a great deal, but did not use the special effects in order to not hurt the animals. Many horses died in the making of this movie, as well as others, even includingRead MorePeta Is An Organization That Fight For Animal Rights1047 Words   |  5 Pagestheir skin. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) advertisement, ‘If the world ruled by Animals’ demonstrate this issue by portraying an imaginary world where animals use human’s skin for fashion. In the advertisement, they use pathos, a strong emotional appeals and logos, a logical appeal to make us reconsider the actions of taking animal’s skin for leather products or f ashion and to put ourselves in the animal’s shoes. PETA is an organization that fight for animal rights in the worldRead More PETA Campaigns Look to Turn Carnivores Green1450 Words   |  6 PagesVegetarianism, PETA touts it as a cure-all for obesity in their ad campaigns calling for folks to ditch meat and eat plant-based meals. This series has been going on for well over a decade but really seems be picking up speed these past few years when they began pairing US celebrities with vegetables be it in fancy dress made of different vegetables or bare naked amongst bushels of their favorite edible plant. Along with the fit bodied celebrity and their vegetables, there is a message includedRead MorePamela Anderson Peta Ad Rhetoric Analysis1055 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Draft 6 February 2012 PETA Advertisement Today in our society, the attention towards vegetarianism and animal abuse is becoming very popular. Many organizations around the world are trying to send messages out to the public to reveal the truth behind the horrific things animals go through. This one particular organization named PETA, People for Ethical Treatment of Animals, created an image to persuade people to consider the

Preparations For Meeting Of Dublin Port †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Preparations For Meeting Of Dublin Port. Answer: Dublin Port is one of the premier ports of Ireland and it is responsible for managing 50% of the trade carried out in the Republic of Ireland. It is situated in the middle of Dublin city which is connected by roads and railways. It is also the main strategic access point for Ireland or more specifically Dublin area. The order of holding the meetings is being mentioned as following. It is done by prioritizing and segmenting the levels of interest. The overall planning and procedures are being discussed as follows; Preparations for meeting with the Board of Dublin Port Organizations play a major role in preparing the overall meeting with the board members. Being the Chairperson of the Dublin Port, it is important to undertake some formal procedures in order to hold a meeting with the board members. The agenda of the meeting is given below: Agenda 1: the Chairperson of the company will be scheduling the board meeting by considering the plans of other members. This will be done by selecting a proper time by considering the convenience of other members which is of immense importance (Kerth 2013). In addition to this, the Chairperson of the Dublin Port must be able to identify the overall agenda or objective of the meeting and why it is being conducted. Agenda 2: the Chairperson of Dublin Port will be concentrating on two to three strategic points of the topic. The topics will include the ongoing status of the professional services, sales updates, customers changing preferences and satisfaction as well; budget reviews customer support issues, new products updates, marketing and promotional activities, research and development plans and others. The board members of the Dublin Port will be given the opportunity to speak and cover the topic within the given time. In addition to this, the Chairperson will make sure that the topics are being sent to them beforehand, so that they have a clear idea of the purpose of the meeting (Haug 2013). Agenda 3: deciding on the venue and time is the most crucial factor, which will be done in the first place. This pre-meeting information will allow the Chairperson of the Dublin Port to keep everything at place. In addition to this, it will be ensured that the board members focus on the main topic of discussion and also keep themselves updated regarding the companys overall progress. Moreover, feedbacks from the board members will help in discussing the goals as well as priorities of the management team. The Chairperson will also provide the members with an overview of the companys progress (McNulty, Florackis and Ormrod 2013). Agenda 4: if the meetings tend to last longer than the allotted time, it will be necessary to schedule informal meetings on the discussion topics, as the board members of Dublin Port may get bored of lengthy formal conversations. The end part of the meetings will focus on taking approvals from the board members, financing, budget planning, concerns regarding other issues, executive compensation or other sensitive issues. Important issues will be discussed at the first place as the board members may lose interest in the end. In addition to this, the Chairperson will review the contracts as well as other business documents in the end of the meeting (Tropman 2013). Preparations for meeting between board and key staff members in the company For conducting a meeting between the board members and key staff members of the company, the Chairperson needs to make a meeting preparation checklist, where he/she should jot down some important factors. The agenda of the meeting is given below: Agenda 1: The foremost thing that will be done in a meeting is to identify the overall purpose of the same. It is important to make sure that the reason and necessity of holding the meeting is crystal clear. Without understanding the purpose of the meeting, the Chairperson of the Dublin Port will not be able to convey the right message to the key memberu543 s (Tricker and Tricker 2015). Agenda 2: the right participants will be selected on the basis of their positions and merit levels. Most importantly, the Chairperson will also decide where and when the meeting will be held and the key members to whom he/she will assign some major roles of conducting the event. In addition to this, he/she will send invitations to the members, which will also include the preliminary agenda of the meeting. Sending pre reading requests or taking preparations will be recommended. Moreover the Chairperson of the Dublin Port will be able to confirm the space availability, in order to avoid major issues later on the date of the event (Sherman 2012). Agenda 3: A proper decision making procedure will be chosen by the chairman. This will include the system of voting, leaders choice and group consensus. In this way, major decisions will be taken by keeping every ones request into consideration. Moreover, the Chairperson of the Dublin Port will assign workers who can identify, arrange for and also test the necessary equipments for the meeting. In addition to this, finalizing the overall agenda and distributing them to all the participants is also considered to be immensely important and necessary (Bens 2017). Agenda 4: on the day of the meeting, the Chairperson will ensure that every one is present and actively taking part in the meeting. In addition to this, he/she will be verifying that all the key participants are actively concentrating on the event. Before starting, a formal introductory session will prove to be beneficial. It will help the Chairperson of the Dublin Port to know about each and every member and the roles that will be assigned to them. Moreover, the Chairperson will be prepared to conduct the overall session. Power point presentations and printed hand layouts will be prepared beforehand, in order to support the statements (DuBrin 2015). Preparations for meeting with the key stakeholders On preparing for meeting with the key stakeholders, the Chairperson must be able to establish clear goals as well as strategic planning, in order to ensure that the overall purpose is met effectively. Clearly identifying the goals require marketing and promotion. It is important to identify the community problems and demonstrate how the overall program is going to prove beneficial for the stakeholders and how it is going to meet their goals. In addition to this, the Chairperson of the Dublin Port must provide the key stakeholders with model information. The shared outcomes include case studies, environmental and economical impact. It is also important to gather information regarding the concerns of the stakeholders and their desired outcomes (Bryde and Schulmeister 2012). Collaborating and problem solving around the specific issues will prove to be beneficial in such cases. In addition to this, the Chairperson must discuss fund related issues with the stakeholders. Descriptive data must be given to them and no information must be concealed. It is important to gather the input of the stakeholders by listening to their view points and ideas. Their perspectives play a quite major role for the benefit of the business. For instance; what is working and what is not, is there anything they are not aware of, is they are unhappy with the business procedure, does the undertaken programs meet their goals and objectives and others (Sayce et al. 2013). Lastly, the Chairperson of the Dublin Port must be able to create a checklist of information which is being gathered from the interview. In addition to this, the meeting must end by identifying the possible solutions, identifying proper action steps and assigning the responsibility to the responsible person. Presenter Information/Topic Materials Needed The topics presented to the stakeholders by the Chairperson. Information gathered. Equipments required for successfully carrying out the mission. Action Step Rationale/Goal Responsible Person Target Date for Completion The necessary steps taken in the meeting. Goal and objectives of the meeting. To be given with the assigned responsibilities. Minimum time required for the completion of the project. Key issues identified: The meeting has focused on the issues of financing, budget planning, executive compensation or other sensitive issues. It has also included the ongoing status of the professional services, sales updates, customers changing preferences and satisfaction as well; budget reviews customer support issues, new products updates, marketing and promotional activities, research and development plans and others. As per the agenda of the meeting, the Minutes of the meeting can be presented as follows: 1 to 1.15- Dru, Smith, one of the presenters of the meeting welcomed the participants and gave brief introduction about the topic 1.15 to 1.30: the presenter provided an overview of the topic 1.30 to 1.50: the presenter introduced the topic with respect to the specific objectives and connecting the meeting with the same 1.50 to 2.10: David Davis presented detailed information about the topic 2.10 to 2.30: Power point presentation was held on the topic 2.30 to 3- Participants were involved in discussion followed by the remarks of the chairperson References Bens, I., 2017.Facilitating with Ease!: core skills for facilitators, team leaders and members, managers, consultants, and trainers. John Wiley Sons. Bryde, D.J. and Schulmeister, R., 2012. Applying Lean principles to a building refurbishment project: experiences of key stakeholders.Construction Management and Economics,30(9), pp.777-794. DuBrin, A.J., 2015.Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Haug, C., 2013. Organizing spaces: Meeting arenas as a social movement infrastructure between organization, network, and institution.Organization Studies,34(5-6), pp.705-732. Kerth, N., 2013.Project retrospectives: a handbook for team reviews. Addison-Wesley. McNulty, T., Florackis, C. and Ormrod, P., 2013. Boards of directors and financial risk during the credit crisis.Corporate Governance: An International Review,21(1), pp.58-78. Sayce, K., Shuman, C., Connor, D., Reisewitz, A., Pope, E., Miller-Henson, M., Poncelet, E., Moni, D. and Owens, B., 2013. Beyond traditional stakeholder engagement: public participation roles in California's statewide marine protected area planning process.Ocean Coastal Management,74, pp.57-66. Sherman, A.J., 2012.Raising capital: Get the money you need to grow your business. Amacom Div American Mgmt Assn. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Tropman, J.E., 2013.Effective meetings: Improving group decision making(Vol. 17). Sage Publications.

The Governments Integrity Essay Example For Students

The Government?s Integrity Essay The Governments Integrity According to Websters dictionary a militia is all able-bodied male citizens between 18 and 45 years old who are not already members of regular armed forces. If only it was that simple. Individual fear of government corruption has lead to a wide spread militia movement. This movement has been going on ever since the early 80s and is growing stronger today. In the beginning there were only two major militia groups: The Order, and the Posse Comitatus. We will write a custom essay on The Government?s Integrity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Order was the most violent and notorious domestic terrorist group of the 80s (www.nizkor.org/web1/paranoia-as-patriotism/the-order. htlml). Founded in 1983 by Robert Mathews, it was one of the first racists militia groups. It gathered its members from the National Alliance, Aryan Nation, and other Klan splinter groups. Mathews felt that it was his duty in life to lead a revolution against government and all non-white citizens of the U.S. During the first year of existence, the Order stole close to $26,000 in order to launch a counterfeiting operation. In total, the Order stole over four-million dollars from banks and armored trucks. Mathews and his followers were more than just thieves, they were also one of the first domestic terrorist groups. Members of the Order carried out strategic bombings and planned assassinations. Two people that were targeted were Walter West and Alan Berg. Walters was a members of the Order accused of talking to much. In May of 1994, Walters was driven into to the woods by other members of the Order who shot and buried him. The second target, Alan Berg, was a Jewish talk-radio host. The Order tried to scare him off the air, but their threats did little to Berg. After several heated conversation Bergs was shot and killed in front of his house. The Order continued with their reign of terror by robbing a Brinks armored vehicle escaping with approximately four million dollars. All of this would have gone without incident but Mathews carelessly left a pistol at the scene of Bergs murder. The FBI later traced it back to the Order. At the same time, Thomas Martinez was arrested for trying to use a counterfeit bill. Martinez made a plea with authorities and exposed the Order. In total, twenty-two members arrested, fined, and some of the members were given life sentences. R. Mathews being the solider he is died in a shootout with law enforcement. In December 1984, the life of the Order had come to an end. During the time of the Orders reign, the Posse Comitatus was also in action. Comitatus is Latin for power of force of the country (www.posse-comitatus.org/pl.html). William P. Gale was the initial creator of the Posse but in 1983 was later made famous by Gordon Kahl. Kahl murdered two federal marshals in N. Dakota; he was later killed by Arkansas police. After his death the Posse saw him as a martyr. The Posse is a group of dedicated people nationwide that believes that the federal government has grossly over stepped it bounds (www.posse-comitatus. org/pl.html). They believe in authority only at the county level, disregarding state and federal laws. No member of the Posse carries paper; they disbelieve in any government documents including: drivers licenses and social security cards. Although less violent than the Order, the Posse has had its run ins with the law. In 1991, James Wickstone, a Posse leader in Michigan, was convicted of conspiracy to distribute $100,000 in counterfeit bills at an Aryan Nation meeting. After serving his time in prison, Wickstone, along with fellow identity pastor Augest Kries, started a web site. In expressing his desire to replace the present government with his Identity-based theocracy, Kries writes: I have heard it said that if those of us who are adherents to Racial Identity ever come to power there would be lees tolerance in this country than there is now. I would have to agree with that statement. Because, we would bring this country back under Gods law! We are not in this fight to regain a piece of paper that doesnt even mention God! the U.S. Constitution Its because of that piece of paper that were in this mess were in now . .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 , .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .postImageUrl , .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 , .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8:hover , .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8:visited , .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8:active { border:0!important; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8:active , .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8 .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74ad2ad751be83503c5b6b4a9a06b3c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: U.S. and Swedish Trends in Tax Reform Essay . . Tolerance, is the whole problem! We would have his sic law . . .there would be NO tolerance. (www.adl.org/poisoning_web/posse.html) The Posse fears that the government is going to establish a New World Order (NWO): a single government that will possess total control over the entire world. Individual fear .

The Glass Menagerie Vs. The Death Of A Salesman Essays -

The Glass Menagerie vs. The Death of a Salesman In both The Glass Menagerie and The Death of a Salesman there are startling similarities and differences. After reading and analyzing both plays, these aspects become evident. We see these differences in their styles, acts, scenes, characters, endings and uses of symbolism. The two authors are very similar. I believe that the two combined many autobiographical tidbits hidden within the plays. For example, I do not believe that is was by mere coincidence that the main character of The Glass Menagerie, Thomas Wingfield, had the same initials of its playwright, Thomas ?Tennessee? Williams. Another autobiographical aspect is that of using the idea of a crippled little sister and an ex-southern belle for the other two main characters. These characters and their distinct characteristics held true to Tennessee Williams' own life. The character Willy Loman also depicts autobiographical parts of the life of Arthur Miller. It wasn't as blatantly obvious, but the character Willy Loman felt he was inadequate and his life was wasted, just as Miller did at this point in his life. The weak father-son relationship was also an aspect of Miller's life, which he illustrates through Biff and Willy. Both of the playwrights ended the plays leaving the audience in awe, and th inking, ?it ends like that! I believe that the primary reason these authors are so highly regarded is because they broke away from the idea of a ?fairy-tale? ending. In their own way both endings are happy, even though Willy Loman dies and Laura Wingfield is left without a gentleman caller. Willy Loman is finally released from his burden and can stop selling himself. Tom realizes his love for his sister and that he will never forget Laura. Both of the plays reflect the time they were written in, and therefore have many similarities. The plays also have many contrasting points. Miller uses the idea of more scenery changes then Willaims does. The Glass Menagerie takes place in one main spot and never leaves the Wingfield house. Therefore, the play has only one act with seven different scenes. The Death of a Salesman flashes between the present and the past and moves to different places (i.e. the office, the restaurant) therefore, meriting more divisions or scenes. The play Willaims wrote includes more fantasy and imagination. He uses the analogy of Laura as being a glass fragile creature and living in a world apart from others. Willy, besides his babbling, is chucked into a world of reality for which he is not prepared. The use of music in The Glass Menagerie after every scene sets the scene and foreshadows what is to be, whereas The Death of a Salesman, jumps into the action with no knowledge of what is to be. The Death of a Salesman uses many more characters then The Glass Menagerie. Both techniques are successf ul in telling the stories. We get to know the characters equally well and therefore this doesn't become a huge factor. Both are classics, and yet, both are incredibly different. These two plays written by playwrights during the same period of American Literature display remarkable similarities and differences. They display these through their styles, lengths of the works, characters, endings and uses of symbolism. They exhibit both the clich?s and controversial material that make them timeless classics.

Phobias Essay

Phobias Essay Free Online Research Papers My heart starts to race. It feels like its going to explode. My throat closes and Im having trouble breathing. My palms are sweating now, and my head is dizzy. I feel like I might fall, I want to run, but I dont know where This reaction is a way to describe what people feel when they are suffering from a phobia. A phobia is an intense, ridiculous amount of fear of something or a situation that is far from what really could happen. Phobias affect people of all ages. The National Institute of Mental Health has stated that 5.1%-12.5% of all Americans encounter some sort of phobia. They are the most common psychiatric illness among women of all ages and men over 25. When someone has a phobia, they start to feel panic, dread, or anxious when they are near what they are afraid of and they feel relieved when they avoid it. There is a phobia for just about everything. But, mental health professionals group them into three categories. Specific, social and agora. The two phobias I am going to discuss are all specific phobias. Specific phobias are simple and the most common. More of us are traveling by plane these days, but that doesnt mean well enjoy the trip. A United airlines jumbo jet hit massive air turbulence over the pacific, killing one woman and injuring 102 people. A news report like this can be all it takes to have the fear to fly. One of the most common phobias in the world is fear of flying. Acrophobias mainly worry that the plane could crash, and they might die. US airs fearful flyer program is a great way to overcome aerophobia. Every year US airs offers this program in cities across the US. These classes are taught by a clinical social worker, and a pilot, that help people through aviation education, relaxation techniques, and a short flight. A woman named Hillary decided one day to try a treatment sort of like the program offered by US airs. As a kid, Hillary loved to go on airplanes. I loved the smell of jet fuel, the peanuts, the playing cards, the free cans of coke explains Hillary. One day, when she was about twenty, she was on a rocky flight and began to panic. She was afraid she was going to die during the flight. After that, she tried different things to help her through a flight, such as carrying good-luck charms or sitting in certain spots on the plane. Four years later, she realized that she had a phobia and enrolled in a three-day workshop called freedom from fear. The goal of her group of twelve people was to fly from New York to Boston and back by the third day of the workshop. They learned technical information about flying, and practiced ways to get rid of their fears, such as breathing and relaxing. They also explored the controls, opened the doors and windows and walked around on the plane to feel more c omfortable. On the third day everyone took the trip and did fine. After other flights since then, Hillary says she is not crazy about flying, but its not as bad a before. So, were not all afraid of the same thing, but you know that feeling, when your hesitant for a split second at the tip of a steep track after a long, slow climb. You know whats about to happen and theres no way to avoid it now. You grip the handrail, palms sweating, heart pounding and brace yourself for the wild ride down. Most of us have experienced that sudden rush of fear, and get a thrill out of it. But, people who suffer from Coaster phobia, the fear of roller coasters, try to avoid it. So, what is it that you have that intense, ridiculous amount of fear for? Phobias affect people of all ages, so youre not alone. There are therapies out there to help. Why live your whole live avoiding something you might have enjoyed? Research Papers on Phobias EssayNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAW

Independent contracting DB1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Independent contracting DB1 - Essay Example In my case, I am the manager and also I have been given people to worker under me meaning that I will not be controlled by the company managers. The court also looks on finance, whether the company provides tools, pays for taxes and insurance for workers. An independent contractor does not benefit from pension, insurance and also he/she pays taxes. In my case, I will be responsible for paying my taxes, insurance and no pension plan. The court also looks in a relationship between the worker and the company. This includes whether the company compensates the worker for damages and the terms of the contract whether the contract is short or permanent (Bohlander and Snell, 2012). I am not an agent of the Gregs Goofy Gadgets because I will be working for the company together with the company workers, and an agent acts on behave of the company. An agent is not given title and in this case I will be a manager of the two employees. An agent also gets profit for the worker done but in this case I will only be earning $14.00 per hour (Bohlander and Snell, 2012). Based on the scenario’s facts I am a contractor and not an employee. Even in respect to courts definition, I can be classified as an independent contractor of the

Viktor Lowenfeld's developmental Stages of Art Essay

Viktor Lowenfeld's developmental Stages of Art - Essay Example The acts of scribbling are just simple records of enjoyable kinesthetic activity and were not meant to visualize something. The scribbles are characterized by irregular patterns of lines and curves as shown by the sample work below. The pre-schematic age occur between ages 4-7. Arts in this stage ranges from simple forms of circles and lines that visualize something to a clearer representation of symbols and schema of something from the environment. There is no understanding of space and figures are just placed haphazardly. The figures below are typical of an early pre-schematic stage art and a transition from scribbling stage to pre-schematic stage. Between ages 7-9 the child's arts are a little conscious about space already. Minor details are present such as the arms and feet, and the arts are aware on the use of baseline. The schema this time is a definite way of portraying the subject but tends to exaggerate on something the child wanted to emphasize. More often objects come in groups and not just a single figure as a show of the child's social development. The stage between ages 9-11 is characterized by expression of arts with more realistic details. The use of three-dimensional space is now apparent with perspective characteristics. Details as to sex, age, and sizes are more pronounced.

Exams versus Another Form of Assessment Case Study

Exams versus Another Form of Assessment - Case Study Example Up to today, almost all students usually think that taking of exams will rank them according to what they can do or achieve. This paper despises the fact that examinations are not proportional to what a student can do. Therefore, it seconds that fact that exams should be outlawed in favor of another assessment.According to Albert Einstein (2008), he said that everyone is a genius. However, the genius levels usually vary and that exam cannot equate someone’s potential to how he or she performs after a given exam seating. Children are different from each other, and this will make them have different abilities. Therefore, there is no any single day that a teacher can judge student’s learning ability through the same means for all the children. Since each child is a different being, they then portray very different learning styles. However, it is disheartening to affirm that when assessing the children who have different learning styles, that most teachers usually do not ap preciate these differences. It is worth noting that, this evaluation style usually gives out a very wrong perception on the students. In other words, this gives a very inaccurate reflection of the progress plus learning abilities of the student. What teachers should understand is that, if they know that students are usually learning differently, why are they using the same criterion of evaluation to them all?Sadly, from the time immemorial, if a certain number of students fail exams, it is noted that the whole concept will never be repeated. Teachers usually claim that they are rushing to finish the syllabus or if they repeat the same concept then his or her subject will lack behind in terms of syllabus finishing (Beatley, 2010.p. 102). It is good for finishing syllabus, however, how will that benefit students who did not understand a certain concept and they failed it in exams? Students are frequently ushered into another topic, without them understanding the previous concept. This is a clear evidence that there is no way, a student’s ability of potential can be measured by the use of exams.

Project Intervention Plan for Elderly Community

Project Intervention Plan for Elderly Community A Project Intervention Plan  on  Wah Fu Estate Community Mao Peter Introduction of the community Wah Fu Estate was built in 1963. It is located in Pok Fu Lam, south-western part of the Hong Kong Island. Such establishment of public estates was closely related to the fire accident at Shek Kip Mei, Kowloon in 1953, which is the milestone of public housing history in Hong Kong since that the government provide better and affordable public housing for Hong Kong residents. As a satellite town in Hong Kong, the Wah Fu Estate provides most of the basic facilities such as wet markets, schools, community hall, library, and public transportation as well. It is a quiet and pleasant place where the resident can enjoy a board sea view with hills behind. That is why the Wah Fu Estate is called a â€Å"luxurious estate for common people†. It includes two phases of development. Wah Fu I with 12 blocks of buildings of old-slab design, and Wah Fu II with 6 blocks of twin-tower design. Rationales for community issues As the Wah Fu Estate has developed for more than 50 years, many of the original residents there have become the elderly. This can be seen to the latest census statistics as shown in table 1, the largest age group in the Wah Fu Estate is 45-64, about 30% of the overall population (Census and Statistics Department, 2011) and more than 20% are aged 65 and over. It is significantly higher than the ones of Southern District in general (13.7%). This demographic characteristic has greatly influenced the community need and problem of the Estate. Table 1. Age structure of Wah Fu Estate and Southern District Higher proportion of the aged people in the estate leads to the greater concern of health care and social welfare services provided in the Wah Fu estate for their deteriorating health conditions and higher demand for getting help from others. The geographical location of the estate makes it mainly rely on the bus and minibus services. The provision of public transportation services to the MTR stations, other main districts in the Hong Kong Island and the other side of the Victoria Harbour is very crucial to the residents there. The provision of social facilities such as shopping centres, restaurants are another concerns in the community especially those in the open area for the elder residents to take a rest and have better interactions with others. Long history of Wah Fu Estate is reflected by the supporting pillars outside the buildings, decaying rooftop and messy electronic lines. The maintenance of the estate is a main and urgent issue in the community. The latest development of the estate is the redevelopment, which has pronounced on the Chief Executive’s policy address this year. It can be projected that this will become the major issue of the community in the next few years. Rationales choosing community work approach To have the community work in such an old public estate, locality development can be used. It is one of the three models of community practices by Jack Rothman. The relationship among the residents in the Wah Fu estate is very close as they live together for such a long time. Their bonding is strong that it is more effective to use this advantage to coordinate them in presenting and solving the community issues with the government and other stakeholders instead of advocate them to have social actions and campaigns. The estate as a whole and even each of the buildings has their own Mutual Aid Committees or similar organizations. We can build up a close relationship with them and use their networks throughout our community work in order to have a greater effect to express their views to the public and solve the problems of the community. There have some NGOs providing social services to the residents in the Wah Fu Estate, such as Salvation Army Wah Fu Centre for Senior Citizens and Aberdeen Kai-fong Welfare Association Southern District Integrated Elderly Service Centre, the collaboration with those NGOs which know the community situation well is also essential to have a better community work in Wah Fu estate. Specific intervention strategies/empowerment plans We can organize some outdoor seminars in the estate for the discussion of the community problems to let the residents concern the issues of their own community more. We can also build up the foundation of the membership and help them to set up the locality-based concern group to discuss issues faced by them including the maintenance of their apartments, provision of social facilities etc as I have mentioned before in this paper. Some sub-groups can also be set up for some typical issues like transportation and redevelopment programme. Throughout the discussion in these groups, they can have mutual support and build up their civic consciousness. They can make collaborative and informed decision or consensus by themselves and express them in one voice to the society. This is the process of empowerment to the residents of Wah Fu estate to handle issues of their community by themselves. Another way which is more traditional to promote our community work is to set up a counter over the street and spread out our leaflets to present our service and get in touch with the residents. The periodic newsletter can be printed to the member, other relevant NGOs and organizations to publicize our activities and keep continuous contact with the residents. Roles of Community Worker The community worker can play the roles of enabler, instructor, facilitator and trainer. We instruct the residents to speak up their opinions and views about the community issues in the concern group. We help them to coordinate different views and conflicts between them, that means to facilitate the discussion or empowerment process. Through these activities, it is an opportunity for us to train up the district leaders to help their neighbours for their own betterment of living. Challenges and Difficulties From the interviews conducted in our community walk, they concern more with the current issues in the estate such as health care and community facilities than the redevelopment programme that is believed to be the most concern issues in the community. They are widely believed that the redevelopment plan may take 5 to 10 years to complete which is too far away for them to think about it. As they have been waiting for a long time for the plan, their desire to concern about it has faded out. This is one of the main challenges to do the community work in Wah Fu estate. The forums and visits from outsider about the redevelopment plan have also fatigued the residents and they have the tendency to alienate from it. It is another difficulty to get contact with them and start our community work. Conclusion In order to have an effective community work, helping and instructing them to present the existing problems that mentioned previously in this paper is significant to gain their trust. After that, we have to ensure the residents to know and realize that as it is one of the key statements in the policy address, the redevelopment of Wah Fu Estate will take place soon, then mobilize and empower them to work for solutions, to make their voice and requests about the redevelopment issues such as in-situ settlement can be heard by the government and the public. References Census and Statistics Department. (2011). 2011 Population Census. Retrieved from http://www.census2011.gov.hk/pdf/fact_sheets/estates/D_10182e.pdf http://www.census2011.gov.hk/en/major-housing-estate/10183.html Rothman, J., Erlich, J. L., and Tropman, J. E. (eds.) 2008, Strategies of Community Intervention. (7th Ed.) Itasca, Illinois: F. E. Peacock. Chapter 7.

Ethnic Minority Prisoners in Britain Essay -- Race Relations in Prison

Prison can be a daunting and psychological challenge for anyone. Experiences can have lifelong effects and can often traumatise those incarcerated. However the experience minority ethnic prisoners face can be deemed diverse. They can become victims of discrimination, racism violence and harassment all on the basis of their race, skin colour, or nationality. Scott and Codd (2010, P. 70) note that ‘prisoners from certain believed culturally or biologically determined ‘racial groups’ are understood as being genetically, intellectually or socially inferior beings, thus contributing to their own poverty of life experiences and criminal identity'. Scott and Codd (2010) state that ‘the prison place racism is a key dimension of the expression of power, shaping prejudicial decisions, exclusionary practices and the physical manifestation of violence, bullying and intimidation’. Scott and Codd (2010, P.70) put forward that ‘this penal terror goes even further for some, such as foreign national prisoners, as it can exacerbate the structured pains of the prison itself. Jewkes and Johnston (2006, P.107) found that ‘prisoners from ethnic minority backgrounds have faced a long struggle in getting the Home Office and Prison Service to recognise their diverse cultural, religious and dietary needs’. Jewkes and Johnston (2006) put forward that the UK prison population has risen by 15,000 since New Labour came to power in 1997, and has doubled since Margaret Thatcher took office in 1979. Inmates from ethnic minority backgrounds account for a large percentage of this figure. For example the white population increased by 36 per cent, Black population grew by 196 per cent, south Asian populations grew by 120 per cent and Chinese/other Asian by 223 ... ...and Phillips, C. (2002) Racism, Crime and Justice. Pearson Educated Limited: England. Chigwada-Bailey, R. (2003) Black Women’s Experiences of Criminal Justice: Discourse on Disadvantages, 2nd edn. Winchester. Waterside Press. Jewkes, Y. And Johnston, H. (2006) Prison Readings: A Critical Introduction to Prisons and Punishment. Willan Publishing Devon. Wilson, D. and Moore, S. (2003) Playing the Game – The Experiences of Young Black Men in Custody. London: The Children’s Society. Ryan, M. (1996) Lobbying from Below. London: UCL Press. Burnett, R. and Farrell, G. (1994) Reported and Unreported Racial Incidents in Prisons, Occasional Paper, No.14. Oxford: University of Oxford Centre for Criminological Research. Gravett, S. (2007) Coping with Prison: A Guide to Practitioners on the Realities of Imprisonment. SAGE Publications Company. London Home Office (1986)

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Paper Essay

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles In a world of finances, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles seem to play a huge role. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP, is defined as the set of guidelines and rules which the financial firms adhere in their work. GAAP is useful due to the nature of being able to standardize the methods for the organizations to follow, and it establishes consistency from year to year in documents such as financial statements (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). Healthcare is inevitably a business like any other according to the authors, and such healthcare organizations are sure to benefit from GAAP. Cleverly et al (2011), attempts to teach the reader the five of the principles in their work. They are as follows; Accounting Entity, Money Measurement, Duality, Cost Valuation, and Stable Monetary Unit. To apply these essential principles to healthcare organizational settings, it is important to study how each of the principles are defined. Principle 1: Accounting Entity It is stated that accounting entity is an organization which is involved in economic activities with own assets and resources which should be accounted (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). The authors also state that if the definition is not properly determined, evaluations might become even useless and misleading. Legal entity and accounting entity are different. This means that sometimes it is not apparent for the firms define the accounting entity, as other groups such as universities and government might be involved with the organization as well. Cleverly et al (2011) gives a great example of what could happen if not all aspects are accounted for. In healthcare organizations, the idea of fringe benefits such as bonus wages being paid in municipal basis might not be visible to the hospital’s accounts. This could possibly cause understatement of the expenses, which could affect the finances of the hospital as a whole. Principle 2: Money Measurement Measurement of money is not an easy task in a business setting. There are  resources essential for running a business and other economic obligations the business has to provide and meet. This could be applied in the same way for healthcare organizations. Assets are usually greater than the liabilities (Cleverly et al, 2011). Liabilities are resources from another entity such as bank loans. With the presence of liabilities, owner’s interests are gained to the entity which provided the loans. When the firms take these elements into account, they should acquire a general idea of the accounting entity’s assets and how they are utilized. When the liabilities are unpaid, then the lenders would then make the equity claims, unless the organization was a non-for profit healthcare organization. There are no equity claims for non-profit HCOs, and they just becomes the property of the state (Cleverly et al, 2011). Principle 3: Duality Duality is defined as a simple equation. Assets of the business should equal the liabilities owed plus the net assets. Liabilities and net assets are always counted as assets. It is state that a significant number of HCOs use this principle with different transactions with lenders. Individual asset, liability and net asset always equals the same amount through the duality principle(Cleverly et al, 2011). Principle 4: Cost Valuation This principle is used to estimate the value of the business. It involves historical cost, replacement value, and the market value. Although the asset is considered equal to the liabilities and the net assets, its market value is a different story. If the cost of investment is more than the return, interventions need to be made to either sell the assets or continue operation with resource cuts in the operation. Replacement cost would play a huge role in a hospital where the new and better information technologies are being developed constantly. It is likely for the hospital a significant more money to replace the current technology being used and inflation. Principle 5: Stable Monetary unit According to the authors Celverly et al (2011), stable monetary unit is the generalized value of a dollar whether it was now or then. For example, the dollar from 2000 would be considered the same value as the current dollar. This however, could cause problems due to inflation. Healthcare  organizations could put themselves at significant cash deficit if the management does that put the inflation into account. Healthcare whether it is for profit or not, is still considered a business. Although non-profit HCOs are different at times, the HCOs still require resources, and â€Å"Generally Accepted Accounting Principles assists† the HCOs to stay consistent and allows the managements to see the assets as a whole. References Cleverly, W. O., Song, P. H., & Cleverly, J. O. (2011). Essentials of health care finance (7th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning..

The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero

The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero Introduction The movie Batman Returns is a typical example of how Christopher Vogler’s structures rings true in storytelling. Nonetheless, the director and production team took liberties with the sequences of these occurrences as well as the nature of characters that belong to those categories. In certain circumstances, one may be fooled into thinking that a character is an ally only to realize that he is an adversary. It was these twists and turns that make the movie breathtaking.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hero in Batman begins Batman begins has all the twelve elements of the Hero’s journey. The story is intertwined by a series of distant and close flashbacks which help to provide a background to the goings in the story. These flashbacks are what reveal the first component of the Hero’s journey; the ordinary world. Audiences can get a glimpse of Bruce’s earlier life. He seemed happy and fulfilled as a child with both parents until their death. Thereafter, the young man develops a great degree of animosity and hatred towards his parents’ murderer Joe Chill. One also gets a glimpse of the influential people in his life, such as Alfred Pennyworth and Rachel. The call to adventure occurs at an early point in the film. During the trial of his parent’s killer, Bruce decides to carry a gun with him into trial. His intention is to shoot the perpetrator if he is acquitted. However, another assassin learns of the wrong and prevents him from this great misdeed. It is at this point that the call to adventure occurs. Rachel tells him that Joe Chill had critical information about Gotham City’s worst drug baron – Carmine Falcone. He, alongside other hardcore drug lords, was terrorizing the city. They were the real problem, and if Bruce only killed Chill then he would be ex erting revenge. Rachel asserted that true justice occurred when hardcore criminal elements like Falcone were captured. Bruce thus realized that Falcone was responsible for the city’s decay. He needed to deal with this man and others like him in order to restore sanity in Gotham (IMBD 18). In most films, the refusal to call occurs shortly after the call, and Batman Begins is not an exception (Vogler 7). Bruce confronts Falcone at his underground bar and gets beaten by his employees. At this point, he escapes into China where he steals and infiltrates into the criminal underworld. It seems as though the last place one would fight Gotham’s ills would be in China, which was miles away from his home place. Furthermore, he appeared lost and confused when he made this escape. Bruce then enters the fourth phase of the hero’s journey by meeting with his mentor. This happens when he goes back home and gets introduced to Lucius Fox. The latter individual gives him insights about the goings-on of Wayne Enterprises, and is the one who introduces him to a series of special weapons.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fox’s ideas lead to formation of the Batman persona since it is his technological inventions that facilitate this transition. It should be noted that at the beginning of the movie, Henri Ducard appears to be the mentor since he teaches Bruce valuable fighting and life lessons. However, later on in the film, one realizes that he was an evil man bent on destroying Gotham city. The fifth phase of Vogler’s hero’s journey is crossing the threshold. This occurs when Bruce modifies the battle suit, ski mask and other devices from Wayne Enterprises to create a disguise. However, when he first confronts Sergeant Jim Gordon, the story begins to take off from there. Shortly after this phase, Mr. Wayne then enters into the tests and allies stage of the hero’s journey. This occurs when he does his first heroic deed. Falcone is unloading his drug shipments from a cargo ship; Bruce causes his allies to disappear, ties up Falcone, and disarms the thugs (IMBD 23). At this point, one learns that the hero’s key enemies are the drug dealers, with Falcone as the key suspect. Corrupt police officers such as Arnold Flass are also his adversaries. Conversely, Officer Gordon is his key ally in law enforcement as he is a just officer. Batman Begins’ sixth phase of the hero’s journey takes place much earlier than one would anticipate (Vogler 20). Batman’s biggest fear is that of bats. It reminds him of his parents’ death and the depression that followed thereafter. When he is back in the League of Shadows, Bruce inhales smoke that causes him to have delusions about bats. It was at this point that the individual overcomes the phobia, fights Ducard. and wins the sword fight. When he gets back home, he chooses the bat symbol in order to reflect this inner fear. He wanted his enemies to experience the same terror that the bats elicited in him. The Supreme Ordeal occurs when Ra’s plans on destroying the city using the microwave transmitter. Batman tries to stop him by engaging with him in the train. There are four League of Shadows members who seem to outnumber and beat Bruce. However, he manages to overcome them but has to deal with the paranoid residents of the city. As Batman enters into the train where Ra’s is located, one gets the sense that things are only going downhill from there. Ra’s even despises Batman by calling him an ‘ordinary man in a cape’ (IMBD 35).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Batman Returns and Its Hero specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the hero proves the audience wrong when he uses a clever tactic to cut off one s ection of the train. Since the microwave emitter was the prime problem, its destruction through a train explosion marks the emergence of the hero from the near-death experience. This explosion also got rid of Ra’s who had become a source of turmoil in the film. Batman’s ability to come out of this situation proved that he was a hero worth his salt. The ninth phase of the journey, which is seizing the sword, occurs shortly after beating Ra’s. Bruce talks to Rachel and reconciles with her. She has now learnt that Bruce and Batman are one and the same. Furthermore, she realizes that she had misjudged Bruce’s character on the basis of his drunken escapades (IMBD 41). This scene ends with the promise of a reunion that could occur when Batman seizes to exist. Vogler explains that a kiss and some wise words are typical in this case. This was true for Batman Begins because she stresses how Batman’s cowl is Bruce’s real identity. When some evil force s pursue the hero after the seizing-the-sword phase, then this becomes the road back. One may argue that no such phase took place in the film. After Bruce destroyed his adversaries, he only meets with members of Wayne Enterprises as well as Alfred and Sergeant Gordon. No high-octane action scene follows after his victory (Vogler 26). However, one may also argue that the road-back phase occurs in a mild form through the person of William Earle. He shows up at the Enterprise ready to take on leadership of the corporation. Nonetheless, this chase ends as soon as it begins when William Earle learns that Bruce bought most of the stocks on offer and he has majority control over the enterprise. The eleventh phase of the hero’s journey is the transformation, which Vogler called the resurrection phase. At this point, Bruce realizes that he is pertinent to the success of Gotham City. He has also learnt about staying true to himself as well as the need to believe in himself. At the begi nning of his adventure, Bruce was not sure he could take down such a powerful force as the drug underworld, but through cooperation with his friends, he proved that he could. In Batman Begins, the last part of the film, which is the return phase, occurs when Bruce uses the experiences he encountered with Ra’s and Falcone to become a better superhero. He knows that criminals are not to be underestimated as they can use as much technology as he does. Gordon highlights this aspect, but Batman seems unfettered by it. He knows that restoring safety in Gotham is an achievable endeavor.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The production team of Batman Begins played cleverly with the twelve steps of the hero’s journey. Some steps like the ‘road back’ were almost nonexistent while others were intermingled. For instance, approach to the inmost cave occurs before meeting with the mentor or crossing the threshold. Perhaps more importantly, the most critical phase of the hero’s journey fulfills all expectations of a Supreme Ordeal; it is tension-filled, spirited and full of action. This film has all the phases of the hero’s journey without drawing attention to the structure. The production team had thus perfected their skill. IMBD. Batman Begins (2005) synopsis. 2005. Web. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0372784/plotsummary#synopsis Vogler, Christopher. A practical guide to Joseph Campbell’s the hero with a thousand faces. 1985. Web.

Columbus Day essays

Columbus Day essays In April, 1492, Spain received reports that the Portuguese succeeded in reaching the Indian Ocean, therefore Spanish monarchs authorized Christopher Columbus to sail to Asia and establish trade and start to convert natives to Christianity. The reasons that the monarchs let Columbus sail were mainly to search for spices and profits, spread Christianity, and to use some of their new technology like the caravel. In return, Columbus would receive one-tenth of all the profits, and governance of the new lands would be shared by the monarchs and by Columbus. On October 11, 1492, Columbus and his crew arrived at an an island in the Bahamas inhabited by the Arawak Indians. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore, the Arawaks ran to greet them bringing food and gifts (World History Encycophydia, p.335-338). In another words, there was already people there before Columbus even set foot on America, so he wasn't the first one to find America, and since he wasn't the first one to find Amer ica, then there's no such thing as a day called "Columbus Discovered America Day." Christopher Columbus went on the trip mainly for his own good; part of him was for doing it for his country, but most of him was for himself. Although it was said that he was sent to search of trade routes, spices, new technology, and gold, but deep inside, he wanted to gain fame and wealth throughout this experience. Why would I say this? The truth is that I did not; the historians said it. It was said that "Columbus would receive one-tenth of all the profits, and governance of the new lands would be shared by the monarchs and by Columbus." (World History Encycophydia, p334) My guess was that he wasn't really interested in the trip when the monarchs first announced to him. After the rewards they said he'll get, he changed his mind. He took the mission because of the fortune he'll get in return. He was conceited in a way, still, he took the missio ...

Studying the Field of Organisational Behaviour Essay

Studying the Field of Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example There is no real, ideal resolution for the organizational evils. The only thing that one can do is to increase one understands of abilities and skills, so that individual relations at work can be improved. â€Å"Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system† (Leadership and Organizational Behavior 2011). Organizational Behavior is the field of study that searches the after effect that persons, teams, and formation have on behavior within the company (organization). Organizational behavior deals with the study, and implication of awareness about how individuals act and react within organizations. Organizational behavior is a tool for the employee to work for the benefit of the organization. It is applicable largely to the manners of individuals working in all kinds of organizations including government, business, educational institutions, services, and companies. Organizational behavior is applied to cover three determinants of activities in organizations: individuals, teams and structure. The applied field of OB is concerned with the information gained about persons, and the impacts of structure on behavior so that to make organizations work more successfully. It is better to understand the organization first to study organizational behavior more clearly. Organization is a focused system with some subsystems where persons and actions are organized to attain some particular, predetermined goals and objectives through division of labor, effective utilization of resources, and the coordination of activities. Division of labor means how the works are divided among the staff that is, keeping the right person for the right job. Coordination of work becomes more important, as it can lead to accomplishing the goals of the organization, by integrating the activities of each and every employee in the organization. The word ‘organizing’ is used to denote the aspect of administrative activities needed for an entrepreneur in preparing and setting up the diverse tasks to fulfill or complete the job. The managers in an organization may have to face many challenges and opportunities to use organizational behavior theories to improve the general effectiveness of persons, teams and organization. Based on behavioral science and some additional interdisciplinary matters, the managers can address the following issues with in an organization. Improving People Skills Improving Quality and Productivity Managing Workforce Diversity Empowering People Stimulating Innovation and Change Improving Ethical Behavior It is clear that Studying the field of Organizational Behavior can assist in deepening our understanding of why people in an organizational setting behave in the ways that they do. â€Å"The ability to explain people’s behavior is critical to making recommendations for improvement if we make poor explanations, and poor recommendations. In an organizational setting, this can lead to a continuation of poor performance. In contrast, if we make strong and accurate observations, we can make strong recommendations that have a demonstrable impact on people and the business† (Why People Do What They Do n.d.). It can be said that

The Treachery of Images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

The Treachery of Images - Essay Example The important distinction between them, which is present in the Magritte’s works, follows: words reference the world and images represent the world. His ideas about real and unreal differ from the classical concepts. Rene Magritte argued that: "Sometimes the image of the object takes the place of its name. The word can take place of the object in the reality. From the mismatch the artist came to the denial. By writing "This is not a pipe" he brings havoc to all the traditional relationship between word and image. The word "representational," when it’s used as a determination for a work of art, means that the painting depicts something taken from a real world which most spectators can easily recognize. Representation can be regarded as a smooth transition between artist’s thoughts and the real embodiment of a piece of art, whereas the understanding of representation by an audience may not coincide with the initial artist’s idea. At the same time the artist tries to convey the idea so that it could be understood by the audience, so, representational pieces of art requires one’s efforts to understand it since itis initially presupposed to contain some particular sense. This type of art is clearly seen on the painting of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife by Van Eyck and The Rocky Mountains by Bierstadt. Abstract art in its turn, tends to "harmonization", to the creation of a combination of certain colors and geometric shapes in order to cause a variety of contemplative associations. Abstract aims to create an extremely saturated painting with quite an ambiguous meaning conveyed by its figures.

Travel and Leisure Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Travel and Leisure Industry - Assignment Example Attitudes to the industry in question Roles of men and women in the society What is the age and income profile of the citizens and how is it likely to change FOR CENTER PARCS Increased personal stress - Increased personal stress has become a way of life in UK and everyone is looking towards ancient therapies to relieve stress and regain vigour and health. Therefore, a need to rewind during the weekend and / or take a few days off for pure relaxation and rejuvenation is increasing. Increase in the older generation - The older population continues to increase with the 'baby boomers' reaching the age of above 55 years. The 'grey' market therefore is ready for boom. Increase in the corporate travel incentives - Corporate travel incentives has seen an increase over the year; a trend that is unlikely to change in a hurry. Increased interest in beauty and fitness - high interests in health, beauty and fitness among the UK populations have made the spa industry to be a sought after area of operation. Other factors - Reduced costs of airlines (Anon, 2005) . All this points towards a higher demand for services like health spas. TECHNOLOGY FACTORS The technological factors that one reviews are How vital is technology for the industry Does it allow for reduced variable cost of the product Does it allow for more innovative service FOR CENTER PARCS Technology of a different kind - Here a technology of a different kind is required. Understanding various treatments like 'Carita', 'Decleor', 'Elemis' and other such treatments is a must. The techniques of a Turkish bath, a Japanese Salt Room, Aromatherapy, Reflexology and many more do not come without technology. Trained professionals who are qualified need to be recruited to... Increase in the numbers for the older generation - Groups such as the Fitness Industry Association are lobbying for a US style tax system for the use of health clubs on the premise that by encouraging the citizens of UK to be healthier the load on the National Health Service will reduce (Anon, 2005). Taxes for the industry - There is a positive view on the overall taxation for the industry since the current government is encouraging citizens to take time off for leisure and is propelling the health industry into momentum. Increased personal stress - Increased personal stress has become a way of life in UK and everyone is looking towards ancient therapies to relieve stress and regain vigour and health. Therefore, a need to rewind during the weekend and / or take a few days off for pure relaxation and rejuvenation is increasing. Technology of a different kind - Here a technology of a different kind is required. Understanding various treatments like 'Carita', 'Decleor', 'Elemis' and other such treatments is a must. The techniques of a Turkish bath, a Japanese Salt Room, Aromatherapy, Reflexology and many more do not come without technology. At the beginning of 2003, the estimated number of private health clubs in UK was 2328. Other information sources suggest that these are conservative estimates and the actual number was close to 4271. It is clear therefore, the competition for Center Parcs is large. Most of these are luxurious

The North Korean Problem Essay Example for Free

The North Korean Problem Essay American leaders have struggled to deal with communist North Korea for decades. It is a unique diplomatic problem. As China gradually opens up to democratic influence, North Korea remains as one of the few remaining communist stalwarts in Asia. American Presidents have been reluctant to deal with the issue. The militaristic stance of North Korea has forced recent Presidents to develop a diplomatic strategy, however. In general terms, the Clinton approach might be described as a â€Å"reward† strategy. The G.W. Bush strategy, in contrast, is generally seen as a â€Å"punishment† approach. The strategy of both Presidents has been affected by events on the ground and the stance of South Korea. For both Presidents, the issues have proven to be difficult and lacking in clear-cut solutions. Both Presidents have learned, though, that the North Korean issue cannot be ignored. The North Korean Threat There are few places in the world where the contrast between a successful democratic state and a poverty-stricken communist state is so stark. Recently, many news organizations aired a nighttime satellite photo of the Korean peninsula. The southern end was lit up, indicative of a thriving economy and culture. In contrast, the northern end of the peninsula was almost entirely dark. After decades of mismanagement, the North relies heavily on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   international food to feed the population, while continuing to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   expend resources to maintain an army of over 1 million, the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   fifth largest army in the world.   1 The Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2001. Wash. D.C.: Brassey’s, 2001, p.267. North Korea has, in many ways, isolated itself. Its economy is not self-sustaining, even though the country possesses a great deal of natural resources. Government policies have failed to stimulate business and international trade. Modern North Korea has been a dictatorship since its founding. When Kim Il Sung died, he was succeeded by his son Kim Jong Il.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last October, the North Koreans announced they had reprocessed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   all 8,000 of their fuel rods and solved the technical problems of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   converting the plutonium into nuclear bombs. 2 Kim Jong Il maintains his position with an iron grip. He resists overtures from Western countries, fearing that their influence will ultimately weaken his grip on power. In 2006, North Korea exploded what was suspected to be a small nuclear weapon underground. The threat of a poor, desperate, dictatorial nation with nuclear weapons is rapidly becoming a reality. This action has moved the conflict to a new stage. The unpredictability of the North Korean regime is what makes it dangerous. Ultimately, the regime will do whatever it has to in order to survive. This may include selling nuclear technology or materials to terrorists or rogue nations. For its own reasons, the North Korean regime has insisted on staying in the headlines. Feeling ignored while the West fights the war on terror, the North Koreans have accelerated their nuclear program. Very public pronouncements of their success have followed. The pretense of a nuclear program strictly for energy purposes has been dropped with recent bomb tests. It remains unclear exactly what the military capabilities of the Fred Kaplan, â€Å"Rolling Blunder: How the Bush Administration let North Korea Get   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nukes† Washington Monthly, Available from;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0405.kaplan.html : accessed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   12 Dec. 2006. North Koreans are. Even less clear are the motives of its leader, Kim Jong Il. Some believe that the leader is playing a manipulative game of nuclear blackmail. Others believe, worse yet, that the leader is not altogether sane. The lack of clarity makes Western leaders nervous. Kim Jong Il, for his part, may be convinced that the world will not go to war against him. It is a dangerous game the recent American Presidents would prefer not to play. The Clinton approach Like the later Bush administration, the Clinton administration was still trying to gain its footing when the North Korean situation arose. It had suffered very public failures on universal health care and the siege at Waco, Texas. The President was also dealing with withering criticism of his personal behavior.   Increasing tensions on the Korean peninsula presented an unwelcome problem for the Clinton administration. The CIA had been issuing reports for several years similar to this one in 2001:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   North Korea’s long-range missile development and research   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   into nuclear and chemical weapons are of major concern to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the international community.   3 An international incident arose when North Korea began to block access of international inspectors to their nuclear facilities. Eventually, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) determined that North Korea did have nuclear weapon capabilities. The Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2001. Wash. D.C.: Brassey’s,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001: p. 267. The domestically-oriented Clinton administration would be forced to deal with the issue. Having been chastened by the events at Waco, Texas that year, the administration resisted taking a hard line against North Korea. Michael Breen wrote of the emerging crisis: Analysts drew a comparison between the Branch Davidian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cult†¦and Kim Jong Il’s North Korea and made the point that   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   North Korea should not be painted in to a corner. From this   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   point on, the consensus grew that Washington and Pyongyang   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   should talk.  Ã‚   4 There were two primary issues for the United States. The Clinton administration wanted to stop the North Koreans from enriching weapons-grade uranium. Secondly, it wanted to prevent North Korea from developing long range missiles capable of reaching the United States or Europe. The Clinton administration began bilateral negotiations with the North Korean regime. Diplomatic back channels were also used to assist the two sides in reaching a breakthrough. During the crisis, former President Jimmy Carter traveled to North Korea for discussions with Kim Jong Il. Publicly, Carter was portrayed as simply a prominent private citizen hoping to aid the process. In recent years, however, it has become apparent that Carter’s role was much more substantial. In effect, he served as a member of the Clinton administration. In 1994, a document referred to as the Agreed Framework was signed by both sides. North Korea agreed to remain in compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty. In return, the Clinton administration dropped its threat of economic sanctions on Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 246. North Korea. North Korea also agreed to shut down one of its old reactors in exchange for assistance building light-water reactors used to generate energy. Inspection and verification of North Korean facilities was part of the treaty, but it was by no means an airtight system. An element of trust was extended to North Korea. It was hoped that the economic incentives would prompt Kim Jong Il to abide by the treaty. The Bush approach During the Bush administration, the North Korean administration seemed intent on presenting itself as a world power that must be dealt with. Early in the Bush presidency, evidence3 began to surface that the North Koreans were violating the Agreed Framework. Bush, like Clinton, preferred not to deal with the issue. Having emerged from a contentious election that was ultimately decided by the Supreme Court, Bush was still settling into office six months in. The events of September 11, 2001 changed everything. After the devastating attack on the United States, the administration took on a war footing. In an effort to define the threats America faced, the North Korean regime was publicly included with the radical Islamic states. North Korea was not pleased to be publicly called out as a charter member of the â€Å"Axis of Evil†. Relations worsened from that point on. The 9/11 attacks made the United States government less likely to take a conciliatory approach with what it saw as rogue nations. It s still unclear to what degree the North Koreans had been cheating on the Agreed Framework. Once accused, however, they ejected inspectors and withdrew from the Non-Proliferation treaty. As a result, the Bush administration faced a similar crisis to what Clinton had faced in the mid-1990’s. World events caused them to address the crisis from different perspectives. For Clinton, the issue was somewhat simpler. His goal was to prevent another dictatorial regime from acquiring nuclear weapons they could use to threaten the world. Bush, on the other hand, was forced to look at the issue through the prism of terrorism. America was under attack, not by a nation, but by an unknown number of religious radicals. North Korea, desperate for money, could sell its’ nuclear technology to radicals who have already proven they are capable of devastating attacks on the American mainland. The Bush administration was inclined to give no quarter to the North Koreans. Kim Jong Il wanted direct discussions with the United States. The Bush administration, overburdened and mistrusting of the North Koreans insist on multi-lateral talks with other Asian countries. Most in the Bush administration regard the Clinton agreement as a failure. For that reason, they do not want to pursue a similar agreement. The Bush approach is to marshal world pressure against North Korea. Meanwhile, the United States is imposing unilateral sanctions. Food aid, once used as an incentive, is now being withheld as punishment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The biggest bundle came in 1999, with 695, 194 metric tons   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of food†¦the Bush administration cut back to 207,000 tons   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in 2002, and drastically cut it to 40,000 tons through the first half of 2003.   5 Since the North Korean nuclear tests in 2006, the United Nations has begun to impose sanctions of its own. The outcome of the standoff remains unclear. A military conflict is possible, though Western nations are extremely reluctant at this point. A major humanitarian crisis is already under way and will likely worsen with international Bruce Cumings, North Korea: another country (New York: The New Press, 2004): 183: sanctions. The increasingly desperate regime of Kim Jong Il is highly unpredictable. The effects of the reduction of food aid on the political situation are not yet clear. The Bush administration hopes that a ratcheting up of pressure on North Korea will bring them back to the negotiating table under Washington’s terms. Meanwhile, the North Korean leader has been making incendiary statements, claiming that the sanctions are an â€Å"act of war† against North Korea. The Bush administration has insisted that North Korea return to the six-party talks which include other countries in the region. North Korea may be starting to warm to that idea, but the outcome is still unclear. North Korea has stated publicly that it wants a security guarantee that the United States will not attack militarily. Presidents Bush and Clinton both resisted that demand, as any President is likely to do. No American administration is likely to agree to this term unless it is tied to a substantial number of concessions and guarantees by the North Koreans. The level to which the Chinese will participate in solving the crisis is still in question. The Bush administration, with its hands full, would prefer that the Chinese step in. Kim Jong Il, however, appears to only want to deal with the United States. The Bush administration has taken a hard line, but the difficulties it is facing in Iraq and other parts of the world may force it to modify its’ approach. Some critics argue that the hard line is just the easy way of avoiding the problem altogether. According to Fred Kaplan of Washington Monthly, â€Å"Bush has neither threatened war nor pursued diplomacy†.6 Neither the Clinton nor the Bush policy has achieved the desired result to date. A third option is clearly required. In forming that strategy, the full participation of North Korea’s neighbor to the south is vital. Fred Kaplan, â€Å"Rolling Blunder: How the Bush Administration let North Korea Get   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nukes† Washington Monthly, Available from;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0405.kaplan.html : South and North and the U.S. South Korea is a unique, democratic success story. It is well positioned between Japan, an economic power, and China, an emerging economic powerhouse. The future looks bright for South Korea, but the biggest threat to it’s’ success is North Korea. South Korean policymakers walk a treacherous line When the Berlin wall fell and Germany was reunited in the early 1990’s, South Korean leaders considered the possibility of a reunification of the Korean peninsula. Koreans share centuries of culture. It seemed like a natural idea to state a policy that ultimately favored reunification. Researchers studied North Korea and the emerging democracies in Eastern Europe. They were discouraged by what they found, but not completely deterred. The South Korean government began to realize the scope of the humanitarian problem in North Korea. They concluded that immediate reunification could create unbearable economic stress on South Korea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They came to a startling conclusion. If the North were to collapse the economic and social burden of reunification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   might ruin the South.   7 For this reason, the resulting South Korean policy is somewhat vague. South Korea has been a strong ally of the United States for many decades. The United States would prefer regime change in the North. South Korea is more reluctant, being acutely aware of the fallout from such a change. In recent years, they have taken a more conciliatory tone toward the North. They walk a fine line of diplomacy between the worlds’ only superpower and their desperate, but powerful, neighbor to the north. Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 247. The South Korean approach is based on self-preservation. Although there is a natural yearning for reunification, those who have looked at it closely believe that it may not be the right thing to do. Michael Breen writes:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What the South Korean’s want now is reconciliation, not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   reunification. This does not mean that they oppose reunification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   entirely, but simply that they prefer postponement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  8 At the same time, the volatility of the situation has prompted South Korea to increase its defense spending, although it is still only a small fraction of that spent in the north. Ostensibly, South Korea is still a nation in the middle of a larger war. No formal treaty has ended the Korean war of the 1950’s. Peace is only preserved by an armistice. The country of South Korea has thrived, despite the constant tension and the permanent presence of a large number of U.S. troops. From its’ perspective, war would be devastating and a collapse of the Northern regime almost as bad. There is no way that any upheaval in the North can leave the prosperity of the South unaffected. At the same time, the prospect of a hostile, nuclear North Korea is daunting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On a variety of issues, the United States and Korea perceive   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   genuine common interests such as better trade relations and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. But fundamentally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   different political and economic philosophies, military objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and geostrategic aims have made it difficult for the two countries   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to act in concert.  Ã‚   9 Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 247. John Feffer, â€Å"American Apples, Korean Oranges† Foreign Policy Focus Aug. (2006)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The relationship between the United States and South Korea has been described by some as a sibling rivalry. The United States is the bigger, older brother. South Korea is the younger brother trying to escape it’ older brothers shadow. Like brothers, they sometimes battle. Recent years have seen a cooling in relations between the two. The leaders rarely communicate. Usually, the two make up, but there are other issues to consider. John Feffer, of Foreign Policy in Focus, writes:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The sibling comparison, however, can only go so far to explain   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the U.S.-ROK dynamic and why the two countries have reached   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   one of the lowest points of cooperation in the 50 year history of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   their alliance.   10 Kim Dae Jung, the South Korean President, ad initially expected that the Bush administration would continue with the conciliatory approach. He was to be disappointed. Kim Dae Jung, while publicly remaining an ally of the United States, had advocated a more open and conciliatory approach to the North. In 2002, the Japanese prime minister made a visit to North Korea to discuss normalization of relations. This took the United States by surprise, increasing it’s’ anxiety all the more. An element of mistrust has entered the U.S. – South Korean relationship in recent years. The Bush administration cancelled a planned shipment of surveillance technology to South Korea. The reason given publicly was that they feared the technology would be leaked to the North. Analysis For Western nations, managing the threat of North Korea is proving to be a difficult if not impossible prospect. According to author Michael Breen: John Feffer, â€Å"American Apples, Korean Oranges† Foreign Policy Focus Aug. (2006)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America is the key nation in the Korean question. It has had   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   its’ own reasons to hate North Korea. Barring Iraq in the 1990’s,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   North Korea may be the most demonized state in the American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   political imagination†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  11 In order for there to be a solution it seems clear that some level of communication must be established. Near-catastrophic events during the cold war show us the dangers of a lack of communication. The only communication in recent years has been public name calling and threats. Calling the North Korean state â€Å"evil†, for example, does not help the problem. To the North Koreans it is a meaningless insult. Evil is a loaded word in the Korean culture. Bruce Cumings writes of the Koreans conception of evil:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A society like this has no place for evil; in fact, Koreans don’t   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   have a conception of evil. Evil couldn’t exist because Koreans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   have created a universe that has no place for it.  Ã‚   12 Kim Jong Il can then use rhetoric like this domestically to further solidify his power. In the Korean culture respect for authority is paramount. The American policy, under Bush and Clinton, is to advocate regime change in North Korea. Fomenting a revolution may not even be possible. The country is poor, unarmed, hungry and respectful of it’s’ leader. Much of the military and civilian leadership is composed from loyal families who have held those positions for generations. North Korea is an unwelcome issue for any American administration. Both the Bush and Clinton administrations have been forced to deal with it, however. South Korea, Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 245. Bruce Cumings, North Korea: another country (New York: The New Press, 2004): 206. in the mean time, maintains a precarious balance between the two nuclear powers. Any action taken by one of the three parties will invariably affect the other two. Nobody wants another war, but Kim Jong Il believes that by being a threat he can eventually gain concessions. Had it not been for the terrorist attacks of   9/11/2001, the Bush administration may have maintained the framework started by Clinton. North Korea has essentially become part of the war on terror. Seemingly unrelated world events have led to a total breakdown in communication with North Korea. Reestablishing that communication is the first step to creating a workable agreement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Presidential policies are often influenced by the policies of those who held the office before. In this case, the same would very likely have been true of Clinton and Bush if world events had not intervened. The entire Bush presidency has taken place on a war footing. As a result, all other countries are looked at more suspiciously. When evidence was presented that the North Koreans might be cheating on the agreed framework, the Bush administration was less inclined to negotiate again. North Korea was immediately named to the â€Å"axis of evil†. This, as much as anything, is an effort to engender international support against North Korea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Clinton administration had unquestionably shown a more deft diplomatic touch in its dealings with North Korea. How he would have reacted given the complicating factors Bush faced is anyone’s guess. In the end, it is questionable whether either Presidents policy could be called a success. North Korea has apparently exploded a nuclear weapon despite all of the attempts to prevent it. Achieving ultimate success in this matter may involve reevaluating our own goals and redefining what success actually is.    Notes The Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2001. Wash. D.C.: Brassey’s,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001: p. 267. Fred Kaplan, â€Å"Rolling Blunder: How the Bush Administration let North Korea Get   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nukes† Washington Monthly, Available from;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0405.kaplan.html : accessed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   12 Dec. 2006. The Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2001. Wash. D.C.: Brassey’s,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001: p. 267. Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 246. Bruce Cumings, North Korea: another country (New York: The New Press, 2004): 183: Fred Kaplan, â€Å"Rolling Blunder: How the Bush Administration let North Korea Get   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nukes† Washington Monthly, Available from;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0405.kaplan.html : accessed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   12 Dec. 2006. Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 247. Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 247. John Feffer, â€Å"American Apples, Korean Oranges† Foreign Policy Focus Aug. (2006) John Feffer, â€Å"American Apples, Korean Oranges† Foreign Policy Focus Aug. (2006). Michael Breen, The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (New York: St Martins, 1988): p. 245. Bruce Cumings, North Korea: another country (New York: The New Press, 2004): 206.                Works Cited Breen, Michael. The Koreans: who they are, what they want, where their future lies. New York: St. Martins, 1998. Cumings, Bruce. North Korea: another country. New York: The New Press, 2004. Dao, James. â€Å"Bush Administration Halts Payments to Send Oil to North Korea†. New York Times: 14 Nov. 2002, A01. Feffer, John. â€Å"American Apples, Korean Oranges†. Foreign Policy in Focus. 17 Aug. 2006. Harrison, Selig S. â€Å"Did North Korea Cheat?† Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb 2005. Hastedt, Glenn P. American Foreign Policy: past, present and future, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003. Kaplan, Fred. â€Å"Rolling Blunder: How the Bush Administration let North Korea Get Nukes†. Washington Monthly.   Available from; http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0405.kaplan.html : accessed 12 Dec. 2006.