Equality and Diversity Pttls

and Discuss issues of equality and diversity and ways to promote inclusion with your learners. Review other points of referral available to meet the potential needs of learners. To fully understand the above we really need to understand the terms. Equality means to be equal before law and without any discrimination. This is particularly important to minorities and to the poor. Through equality every one has the right to fair choices. Diversity is used to describe political entities who have identifiable differences in their background and lifestyles including ethnic minorities. Inclusion means to meet your learners needs, which some may have more than others. These needs should be appropriately met to enable full participation in the classroom. The main issue related to equality and diversity would be exclusion. If the tutor does not meet the needs for those with a different background then it can often end with the student feeling not only left out but to feel neglected and can lead to missed lessons and also feeling that they don’t belong their. The tutor should be committed to providing equal opportunities for each of his/her students. You should demonstrate your commitment to equal opportunities through everything you say and do in your work with adult students. †Ã‚   (1993:13). Promotion of equality within the classroom is not only an expectation but a requirement by law. ‘All students must feel that they are positively and equally valued and accepted, and that their efforts to learn are recognised, and judged without bias. It is not enough that they are tolerated. They must feel that they, and the groups to which they belong (e. g. ender, social-class or attainment groups) are fully and equally accepted and valued by you, and the establishment in which you work’. Petty (1998:69) To promote inclusion within your classroom you will need to respond positively to the diverse needs of your learners. How you communicate with your learners is essential ensuring learners can understand what you are saying. Ensuring body language and comments are appropriate and are no offensive. Teaching methods are also important and you will need to make sure that your methods are varied and support all learning styles. Ensuring your learners can all participate is also important, therefore not excluding any of them. Allowing your learners to establish working relationships effectively, ensuring everyone is included and that the room is accessible and safe for people with sensory disabilities or lack of mobility. Additional support may be required to enable you to support equality and diversity this could be in the form of a learning support assistant, adapted resources, peer support, varied presentation. Although inclusion is about supporting your learners needs, it may not always be possible to do this without support for yourself. You should be aware of your limits of responsibility and know when and where to access support for both you and your learners. If you have a line manager then they should be your first point of contact. Your colleagues may be another point as they may have experienced something similar. It is your responsibility to find out what support is available for you. Supporting Equality and Diversity is extremely important and is also a legal requirement. When planning your lessons you should be taking this into account and structuring your lessons appropriately. If you are unsure you should be aware of your limits and seek advice from your line manager. If you don’t have a line manager you will need to get advice on who you should be asking for help and support. Petty G (1998), Teaching Today, United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes. Daines, Daines and Graham (1993) Adult learning, adult teaching United Kingdom:Dept. of Adult Education, University of Nottingham

Honor in Othello and Hamlet Essay

Being one of the central themes in Othello and Hamlet, honor is used in very strange ways by Shakespeare. He has a way of showing how his characters can be very honorable or have a lack there of. He displays how honor is interwoven with personal integrity and how acts of attempting to keep a reputation can be confused with the acts of personal integrity. Lastly, he also displays how honor relates to the foresight seen by his characters. Honor can be connected to almost any actions made by any of the characters in these plays. He really keeps the readers/viewers guessing at what the motivations are for all of his characters. I will take a look into these motivations and explain my thoughts on such things. In these plays, honor is very important to the characters. It is a driving force, of sorts, for much of what the characters do. Along with that, judgments made about certain characters, by other characters, are almost always based on honor. In Othello specifically, honor connects almost all of the actions and judgments throughout the play. Honor seems to be one of the main reasons Desdemona fell in love with Othello. Being much older and having so many military accomplishments sent Othello into an honorable light in Desdemona’s eyes. To me, that seems to be the sole reason she fell in love with him, in the first place. His own character influenced her love thereafter, but initially, I believe it was solely his honor. Cassio is also attracted to this quality in Othello. His platonic love for Othello is based around how honorable Othello has been in his life, prior to the end of the play. In Iago’s eyes, however, Othello’s honor means nothing. He cannot comprehend why Othello got the job he has, while he is stuck in the same position. Iago gives the impression that Othello’s honor is almost a negative thing in his eyes. Despite Iago’s negative views, every judgment about Othello is based on how honorable he is. His behavior prior to the end of the play shows this honor as well. In opposition to the honorable basis of thoughts about Othello, many characters choose less honorary behavior and are viewed dishonorably by other characters. Iago is a prime example of this. Not only do you see the lack of honor in quite literally everything Iago does, but you witness these negative thoughts about him as well. From Othello, you hear the sarcastically said â€Å"honest Iago†, and from Emilia, you hear many a complaint. Iago’s dishonorable behavior even produces dishonorable behavior from Emilia. She makes it seem like she constantly cheats on Iago, because of his neglectfulness. Dishonorable behavior is just followed by more dishonorable behavior, in Shakespeare. This could not be more true when it comes to Hamlet. The entire play is based around the central occupation of greediness and revenge. The play starts off with the fact that King Hamlet has died. Right away, when Hamlet talks to the ghost of his deceased father, we find out that he was killed by his brother Claudius. This one event (not to belittle it) sparks a string of dishonorable behavior from Hamlet, who was once considered to be a very honorable intelligent young prince. Hamlet’s cunning, yet destructive, behavior however, could be argued as honorable, to a point, by some. His actions are based on the need for justice, which most people have within themselves. They are done in order to avenge his father’s death and make right in the world. This could be argued to be a noble and honorable cause. It could be, but I don’t think it would necessarily carry much weight. Sure, the cause behind his actions are great, but the way he goes about achieving that cause loses much, if not all, validity. He tries to make right, but in the process of it all, he hurts Ophelia, which causes her to commit suicide, he mistakenly kills Polonius (with little or no remorse), and his actions lead to the death of almost all other characters. Hamlet should, of course, not be blamed entirely for these incidences. Obviously Claudius should bare more burden when it comes to all of these deaths. In means of applying this theme of dishonorable behavior being followed by more of the same: you could also argue that if Claudius had not killed his brother, than Hamlet may have never become as dishonorable as he became. He was, after all, in school, away from the kingdom. Presumably, Hamlet could have married Ophelia and led an honorable life as king after the natural death of his parents. ————- When it comes to Shakespeare’s characters, there seems to be something missing: Integrity. While characters may have some personal integrity within themselves, there doesn’t seem to be many that are driven by what is right, rather than driven for their own gains. Want of personal integrity lags far behind the want of reputation in these plays. There’s an abundance of instances where characters act with integrity, but few show this integrity throughout an entire play. A good example is Michael Cassio. For the first part of the play, to me, he seemed to have a lot of integrity. Despite his dispute after drinking, he felt terrible about it, and he wanted to make it up to Othello. It sounded like all he wanted was forgiveness from his good friend. That made him have a lot of integrity in my eyes. But in the end, he’s seen visiting the prostitute and leading her along, for the fun of it. Last of all, foresight in Shakespeare appears to be a quality with positives and negatives. The two largest forms of foresight in these two plays would have to be that of Hamlet and that of Iago. In terms of Hamlet: forgetting the terrible acts of violence and vulgarity that he committed in the spur of the moment, Hamlet’s foresight, when it came to Claudius, was very honorable. His use of foresight was to avenge his father’s death and to find justice in the world. Anything Hamlet did that was dishonorable had nothing to do with foresight; it had to do with his impulsiveness. In the other spectrum of things, Iago’s foresight is unquestionably dishonorable. His ability to perceive how people will react and what they will do in the future, while revered by Shakespeare the world over, is one of the most dishonorable instances in Shakespeare. His manipulation of people is only means of pitting them against each other in order to help himself in the future. After reading these plays, it is hard to decide whether or not honor can still be legitimately given to any character. In my eyes, Hamlet, Cassio, Iago, and Othello have all lost real honor. Sure, aside from Iago, the others have done honorable things, but I don’t think I could attribute any of them honor fully. The only characters I would consider giving that to would be Desdemona (for trying to save Othello at the end of the play) and possibly Horatio (for helping Hamlet discover find out about Claudius and choosing to not die in order to tell his friends story). I don’t think I could do that however, because these acts of honor do not serve entirely large parts of the plays. Honor is apparently a fickle thing. It will come and go in Shakespeare’s world. His plays make it very clear that he doesn’t believe many people can be truly honorable. Every once in a while he will convince us that one of his characters has this quality through and through, but he then snags that away from us. I’m convinced that, in these two plays, there is no truly honorable character. Some come close at moments, but spoils are constantly brought.

Us History Exam notes

An area in social life, Independent of government where Informed citizens can come together and discuss and Influence political action, a domain that used to be solely for political figures and upper society. What were the major components of the public sphere In colonial North America? The public sphere expanded with the raising of literacy rates and the view that participating in politics and reading was fashionable. Some of the influences were numerous coffee shops and pubs, lots of bookshops, Boston Newsletter, first continuously published newspaper.Which early American stands out for his contributions? Benjamin Franklin What were his three major contributions to the growth of the public sphere? Editing the Pennsylvania Gazette which was considered the best edited, founding the Junta, a forum for mutual Improvement and for discussion about politics, and the Library Company of Philadelphia which was the flirt establishment of circulating literature. What component of freedom was e ssential to the establishment and growth of the public sphere? Freedom of expression. Which famous libel trial demonstrated that this freedom was becoming ingrained in he popular imagination? 735 Publisher Zinger brought up on charge of libel against the governor, calling him corrupt, and after he showed evidence that the governor was corrupt he was found not guilty. This showed the public that the truth will always win. Columbian exchange- transatlantic flow of goods W > E – tomatoes, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, corn E > W – sugarcane, rice. Horses, pigs, sheep Black Legend- Based on Lass Cases' book shows image of Spain as uniquely brutal and exploitative colonizer, gives other countries Justification to colonize, challenge Spain's old French and Dutch are what kind of empires?Commercial, looking for trading, gold and the Northwest passage England Is what kind of empire? Colonizing, Individual men looking for land, and through the possession of land, freedom and bring them back to the home country to make it wealthier, not focusing on colonization or trade Northwest Passage- Route to Asia through N America English colonization begins with Jamestown in 1607 by Virginia Company 5 Attributes to English Freedom: 1. King subject to rule of law (Magna Cart) 2. Security of persons and property 3. Habeas corpus- cannot be held indefinitely w/out charge 4.Right to face your accuser 5. Right to trial by Jury Mercantilism: There is always a winner and a loser in trade, best to be the person with money, exports should always exceed imports Virginia- tobacco in Chesapeake region, swampy Pennsylvania- Religious freedom for Quakers, no slavery Georgia- meant to be a refuge for the English poor, became large slave owning plantation state, rice and indigo Carolinas: Indigo and Rice Rhode Island and New Jersey- religious freedom Massachusetts- formed with original Plymouth colony.

Recyclng Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Recyclng - Research Paper Example Recycling of water is an important factor for using the water continuously. This works best for the countries which are landlocked. The role of recycling paper is to decrease the amount of trees being chopped down for paper. Deforestation is a genuine worldwide issue as trees not just furnish oxygen; they also take in and ingest carbon dioxide. When a tree is chopped down, all the carbon dioxide that it has is discharged into the environment and donated to the nursery gases. The effect of recycling paper is that it might be made into different things, for instance, the paper that has been recycled could be transformed into another item like a pencil case, and so forth. The science in recycling paper is that the paper is changed over back in its crude materials. It goes from a finalized feature to its crude materials to either make something of new or of less worth (less value paper). It utilizes chemicals and water to disintegrate the paper into a stringy mash, which is transformed i nto paper again. Recycling of paper is utilized to tackle the worldwide issue of deforestation which has led to cutting down of forests that is potentially harmful for human beings in future (Anderson, 2003). Recycling has several benefits for the society and the community as a whole. Recycling has been part of the green drive, which is popular among the youth these days because of broad communications and promotion. There is a ton of social mindfulness about nature's turf and a standout amongst the most well-known people who are assisting the earth towards recycling. Recycling is almost always lectured encompassing the planet. It is currently a standard practice and a social standard. Due to tremendous societal benefits organizations and partnerships work on recycling along with advertising their particular products. This helps give people the picture that they are supporting the recycling and in favour of green earth, free from pollution. Recycling has been integrated completely i n to the daily lives of the human. Discussion Why Recycle? Areas which have utilized for landfilling have been continuously over utilized by the waste disposal management companies. Landfill creation has now been made more demanding because of stringent ecological regulations. The population have been increasing along with the demand for land used for disposing of waste. Similarly, offset is not possible because population needs more land and the landfill areas are contaminated due to dumping of hazardous waste. In the meantime, numerous old landfills were arriving at limit and governments were shutting down thousands more substandard landfills (Highfill & McAsey, 1997). This accelerated expanding costs and a quest for transfer to alternate plans, which, in turn, influenced each of the different phases of the technique stream. Waste directors carried thoughtfulness regarding different methodologies: diminishing the amount of waste at the source, gathering waste so it could all the m ore effortlessly be recycled or composted, handling waste more cost efficiently, and, at every stage, tending to ecological concerns. The successful integration and development of recycling techniques have resulted in cost efficiency along with more sustainable and cheap waste management techniques. Without a doubt, in certain neighbourhoods, recycling is unmanageable. Yet frequently, the aforementioned groups are still recycling at extreme level and are treating recycling as an agenda to include onto their

Global operations and logistics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global operations and logistics - Case Study Example Each and every store of Home Depot operates with the concept of large warehouse style buildings. The largest store of Home Depot is situated in Union New Jersey. The organization achieved huge popularity due to its â€Å"do-it-yourself† concept. According to the concept, the home owners and several individuals generally purchase home improvement products and tools. Then they repair or improve their home on their own. The organization not only prioritizes their customer service through this concept but also provides effective clinical and practical workshop training and development to the customers in order to enhance their customer service process. This â€Å"do-it-yourself† concept helped the organization to retain their existing clients. In addition to this, Home Depot got success to attract new customers through effective customer service (Ferrell and Hartline, 2008, p.584). The owners of the organization encouraged the sales associates to develop strong relationship with the customers to maintain their leading position in the competitive marketplace. This report will analyze the logistics and customer service activities of home depot throughout the years. Moreover, the study will discuss about the merchandising, store operation and vendor management activities of Home Depot in order to draw an effective conclusion. Historical and Current Development in terms of Production, Operation and Marketing For the first 20 years, Home Depot became popular and well recognized due to its focus on customer services, significant sales growth rate and dynamic entrepreneurial spirit. Initially, the organization used the concept of big box format stores. All the customers could find and purchase all the necessary home improvement products. They introduced â€Å"Do it yourself† concept to enhance their customer service. The owners of the organization encourage the sales associates to take care of the satisfaction level of the customers to develop a signi ficant client base (Paper, 2007, p.39). Home Depot organized several effective workshop training and development programs for the customers to fix home problems by their own. These strategies helped the organization to secure their leading spot for 20 years. In 2001, CEO Nardelli changed the product development and distribution process due to rising cost, falling sales and stiffening competition. The organization started to provide specialized goods and services to the smaller professional customers. The CEO had the intention to attain professional business growth. Nardelli implemented several change strategies to improve the productivity. He motivated headquarter of Home Depot to recruit talented and skilled associates to bring more specialization. Moreover, he appealed for simplification of the job function of each and every store associate. He also worked hard to standardize the logistics activity. Introduction of the concept of â€Å"inventory velocity† helped the organiz ation to track their stocks effectively. CEO Nardelli made a decision to employ 227, 000 associates to reform its in-store operation activities. In spite of achieving significant growth rate, CEO Nardelli tried to make some changes in business operation to secure future growth rate. Organizations like Walmart implemented advanced technology in their business operation

Women's Suffrage Exhibition, London, 2010 Dissertation

Women's Suffrage Exhibition, London, 2010 - Dissertation Example From the research it can be comprehended that the Women’s Library in London, founded in 1926 by leading suffragist Millicent Fawcett, has the â€Å"oldest and largest collection of women’s history in the UK†. The internationally well-known specialist library has extensive collections of books and various artefacts in its archives and museum, on the lives of women in Britain. The material related to women’s suffrage includes posters, photographs, postcards, badges and other mementos reflecting women’s efforts to gain equality with men for the right to be voted towards full representation in the parliament. For the first time in its history, the Women’s Library showed original art works inspired by items in its collection, in the exhibition Out of the Archives extending from May to September, 2010, curated by Anna Colin. The exhibition explored the relationship between art and political campaigning, highlighting events, objects and movements fr om women’s history in Britain. Included in the diverse selection of archives on women’s campaigns and struggles, is depicted the association between art production and destruction as a part of the women’s suffrage movement. For the exhibition Out of the Archives, artists Olivia Plender and Hester Reeve took into consideration â€Å"the troubled, turbulent and sometimes contradictory relationship between suffragettes and art†. The artists Olivia Plender and Hester Reeve used a range of items from the Women’s Library archives including â€Å"magazines, reports, photographs and posters†.... They created three works that examined the strategies used by the suffragettes in denouncing women’s subjugation. In the exhibition they present an illustrated chapbook, describing the suffragettes’ skilled means of attracting media attention. The artists question the conventional differentiation between art and politics, exploring the â€Å"militant attacks waged on famous art works by suffragettes and artists such as Mary Richardson† (Admin, The Women’s Library, 2010) and other trained artists including â€Å"Sylvia Pankhurst, Barbara Leigh Smith, and perhaps most importantly of all, Emily Dickinson† (Jones, 2010). Plender and Reeve also took into consideration the futurist F.T. Marinetti’s comparison between militant suffragettes’ techniques and 20th century avant-garde strategies against the bourgeois art institution (The Commissions, 2010). When Reeve and Plender began researching for the Out of the Archives exhibition, they decid ed to utilize the opportunity to build on the idea that occurred to them when they first met the previous year. This was related to the celebration of Emily Davison Day on June 4th every year. They examined the suffragette’s actions and addressed the relationship that she had with art and politics, and how the two were combined together. In June 2010 the first official celebration of Emily Davison Day took place, when Plender and Reeve paid a visit to the same event, the Derby that had marked the end of Davison’s life nearly a century ago in 1913. They have established the Emily Davison Lodge to commemorate the suffragette, and registered her anniversary as an annual public holiday, to celebrate her fatal deed to win the vote for women (Jones, 2010). Both Reeve and

Mental health (a patient with bipolar who had a three years old baby) Essay

Mental health (a patient with bipolar who had a three years old baby) - Essay Example As par the report published in the MNT Knowledge Centre (2013), Bipolar disorder can be define as one kind of mental disorder which is associated with extreme change of mood of the patient along with fluctuation in the energy and activity levels. According to this report, bipolar disorder is one of the most severe mental illnesses which often destroy relationship, affect carrier perspective, and also affect the academics of the patient. Bipolar disorder sometime destroys family structure as well. A patient affected by this bipolar disorder often considers it very difficult to complete its day to day normal work. The research regarding this disease pointed out the fact that people affected from this disease sometimes also suffer from some other more common diseases as well like asthma, high blood pressure, etc. which sometimes make it more difficult for the doctors to carry out the treatment. The disease like bipolar disorder not only need proper medical attention but also need proper care, mental support from the close family member to get over the mental block that they used to be in. In this paper the main objective is to analysis the bipolar disorder-what it means for different medical people, how different medical journal define this, what are the main characteristics of this disease, what are different types of bipolar disorder, the present trend of treatment, post treatment care etc. In this paper a case is being considered where the patient is suffering from bipolar disorder along with anyone other common disease. Overview of the Patient: In this paper, the discussion is all about Susie, a bipolar disorder patient. Her case is represented by Cooper. According to the description of Cooper (nd), Susie is a 20 year old college student whose behavior for the last five days was really strange. She never sleeps in last five days and was busy in â€Å"heightened state of activity† which she herself describe as â€Å"out of control† activities. In this paper, the discussion will be a basic overview of the disease, different social, medical and mental characteristics of the patient who are suffering from this disease. What is the basic treatment process of bipolar disorder and what are the different after effect of the treatment that the patient used to face and how one can overcome those. Signs of Bipolar Disorder: Cooper in his review pointed out various characteristics which are observed by the medical officials while studying the social characteristic changes in Susie. Some of her thinking is centered on the present political condition. She used to believe that she had changed her soul with the present senator of her state, and also have some theories, in fact six specific theories which according to her can single handedly save the world from nuclear destruction. She used to share her theories with friends and professors in the university and also starts to campaign for an elected position in the US government. Although t here were no elections scheduled at that point of time. Cooper in his analysis also pointed out the fact that, from the fear of forgetting, Susie used to note down all the theories that she used to discuss with her friends in her room, computer, notebooks etc. From the feedback of her friends and family it was clear that she used to be very organized and tidy.

Poetry and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Poetry and Politics - Essay Example have tapped into the American conscience and have examined the utility of war against the backdrop of the experiences of American soldiers abroad and Americans at home in times of war (Goldensohn, 2006). Poets are generally expected to be contemplative and to give expression to reality. Poets not only â€Å"interpret the world, but inform and renew it† (Clements, 1990, p. 239). In this regard, American poets through poetic expression have contemplated, interpreted, informed and renewed the war expression, rationalizing for the most part their objection to war. Some of these poets were actually â€Å"conscientious objectors† (Metres, 2007, p. 5). Robert Lowell was a conscientious objector and is the main subject in his poem Memories of West Street and Lepke which reflects upon his experiences when he was imprisoned for a few days in West Street Jail awaiting a sentence for his refusal to be drafted for the Second World War (Metres, 2000). During his stint in Jail, Lowell met Czar Lepke, a leader of a gang known as Murder Incorporated, who had been sentenced to death for murder. Lepke allegedly told Lowell that he was in jail for killing a human being and asked Lowell what he was in jail for to which Lowell replied â€Å"Oh, I’m in for refusing to kill† (Metres, 2000, p. 661). Lowell’s Memories of West Street and Lepke does not recount this specific encounter, but it presents a realistic image of American freedom and by doing so, forces the reader to ponder whether or not that freedom is worth going to war to protect. Lowell himself is living in a huge house and has only one child, a nine month old baby girl. Meanwhile, a man is â€Å"scavenging filth in the back alley trash cans† and â€Å"has two children† (Lowell, Lines 6-7). Thus Lowell’s consciously brings attention to the fact that freedom brings about inequities. Moreover, Lowell mentions his young daughter which brings to mind the fact that at this very young age, she might never know her father

Historic Preservation and the Imagined West Term Paper

Historic Preservation and the Imagined West - Term Paper Example It is the oldest and most historic block of the Mile High City. The buildings of the area tell a lot about the birth and the early years of the city of Denver. The Lower Downtown was formed with the intension to encourage the preservation of a significant area which is vital because of its historical area, architectural look and economic value. The historic resources were given protection due to the historic status of the area. Protection was also given to the 127 contributing historic structures by the act of zoning ordinance. This ordinance included building height limitations and encouraged mixed use development. For rehabilitation and new constructing purposes it provided strict design guidelines. This LoDo District was formed when an unorganized group of Lower Downtown property owners joined District Collaborative, a marketing entity, to form the so called LoDo District. This joint effort was focused on the needs of the neighborhood as it produced a diverse group of people whose community and philanthropic interests were based on those needs. Denver City was named after James Denver who was the territorial governor or Kansas and the main street was named after his son General Larimer. Larimer’s cabin which was torn in 1961 and a one-story false-front store was built at its place until in 1982 when the Granite building was constructed. The first bank, bookstore, photographer and dry goods store of Denver was housed at the city block of Larimer Square. Denver’s first post office was also built on the same block, where currently the Bent Lens is located. The block also had Denver’s first theatre in the Lincoln building, currently where the store Eve is located. The North West corner of Larimer Streets had a building which was once a legendary watering hole for politicians, policemen and city hall reporters known as Gahan’s Saloon. Dana Crawford, an award-winning

How the company combine to satisfy shareholders and the demands of Dissertation - 1

How the company combine to satisfy shareholders and the demands of society with no impact on the profitability - Dissertation Example Through these two elements, the reality of the global market, of virtual realities and faster access and exchange of information are realized (Brooke et al., 2004; Chandra, 2008; Soros, 2002; Suarez-Orozco & Qin-Hilliard, 2004), creating a vision of a better world across the globe. However, in 2007, the world has been hit by global economic crisis, which has led to serious difficulties in the lives of ordinary people (Roth 2009; Yandle 2010). The global financial meltdown has put into limelight the relationship and responsibility of businesses to the society as the economic crisis has been precipitated by excessive risk taking of businesses and masking its dangerous actions through, corporate philanthropic, activities (Bordo, 2008; Lin-Hi, 2010; Reinhart, 2008). The notion of economic institutions having social responsibilities has been widely discussed in the past two decades (Campbell, 2007). This coincides with the fact that also in the last two decades the influence and power of corporations have grown due to global presence of multinational corporations and trans- national corporations, which pave for more jobs and resources, higher standard of living and better social conditions (Uccello, 2009). Nonetheless, it should be noted, that the idea of economic institutions of being responsible not only in fulfilling their fiduciary responsibilities to the shareholders, but also satisfying the public interest and stakeholders demands have been proposed already as early as the 1930’s (Hemingway, 2002). As such, the concept of corporate social responsibility is not something new, but it has long been recognised that corporations have responsibilities towards, employees, shareholders, consumers, local communities, natural environment and other stakeholders (Hemingway & Maclagan, 2004; Zolsnai, 2006). However, due to the global financial crisis the urgency to look into the purpose and relationship of economic institutions (businesses) in the society becomes ne cessary. The global financial crisis has concretely shown that actions of corporations are not happening in a vacuum, but it has a direct effect not only to the shareholders but also to all stakeholders (Lin-Hi, 2010). In this regard, this research will look into how company combines satisfaction of both the shareholders and stakeholders and on how this can be measured. The research will be mainly dealing with corporate social responsibility; however, the research will attempt to provide alternative insights regarding CSR because the study will be conducted with the experience of the global financial meltdown as its beacon. The experience demands that CSR be re-understood with clearer parameters and measures that will assist people and stakeholders as attempts are made to further clarify the purpose and relationship of businesses in the society. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW In the literature review, current trends and discussions regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) will be prese nted. The discussion will cover three sections. The first part will be dealing with the nature of CSR, while the second part will be touching on the apparent relationship among CSR, shareholder satisfaction and profitability. Finally, the third part will be about the means undertaken to determine the impact of CSR. To be able to embark on a discussion, the research has conducted a library research. The electronic databases Academic Source Complete, Business Source Complete, Jstor, Google Scholar, PsycheInfo and ERIC have been searched using a

Consommation (in French) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consommation (in French) - Essay Example Mais cette expà ©rience moderne est trà ¨s diffà ©rente de celle du passà ©, quand faire les achats à ©tait un processus plus long, qui demandait plus d’à ©nergie. Aujourd’hui, je suis sà »r que les produits procurà ©s dans le supermarchà © sont de bonne qualità ©, puisqu’ils sont bien rà ©glementà ©s et bien gà ©rà ©. Le stock contient une gamme varià ©e de produits, mà ªme des apparats à ©lectriques, qui sont moins cher que les autres produits dans les petits magasins. Je pense qu’il vaut mieux acheter des produits qui sont situà ©s sous le mà ªme toit ou je suis plus attentif à   ce que j’achà ¨te. Faire des courses est, donc, une expà ©rience rafraà ®chissante et facile. Mais quand j’à ©tais enfant, jhabitais dans une petite ville en Irlande dans les annà ©es quatre vingt, ou il ny avait pas de grandes chaà ®nes de supermarchà ©s. Ma famille et moi faisaient les achats le samedi matin dans un marchà © ou nous achetions nos fruits et nos là ©gumes; il prenait au moins quatre heures pour finir les courses. On trouvait du pain à   la boulangerie et de la viande à   la boucherie, ou les produits à ©taient toujours frais et personne n’à ©tait mà ©fiant de leur bonne qualità ©. En plus, ma mà ¨re parlait avec les autres clients, donc on sentait une forte sensation dappartenir à   la communautà © et les petites entreprises et commerà §ants à ©taient une partie de notre culture et notre identità ©. J’ai alors pris cette tradition avec moi et aujourd’hui, je vais aussi aux petits commerà §ants pour certains ingrà ©dients, comme pain, lait, fromage ou chocolat parce que ma famille en mange beaucoup. Maintenant, les petites entreprises ont disparu et ont à ©tà © remplacà ©es par les grandes chaà ®nes de supermarchà ©s. Toutefois, je ne suis pas triste; au contraire, jaime la convenance moderne. Je crois que les communautà ©s ont besoin dun centre commercial proche pour acheter les choses nà ©cessaires sans grand effort. Aussi, nous habitons dans une socià ©tà © multiculturelle et cest important

Chapter 2 - research methodology Essay Example for Free

Chapter 2 research methodology Essay Aim and Objectives. The aim of the research is to undertake an analysis of the Chinese banking industry systems, processes and products through a case study of Bank of China and HSBC, London. Objectives. The research objectives are as follows :- 1. Assess the overall state of the Chinese banking systems, processes and products. 2. Evaluate implementation of systems, practices and processes of the modern banking industry. 3. Evaluate areas for further growth and development by Chinese banks. This chapter aims to illustrate the methodology of the research. It describes; common research philosophies, research approaches and the research strategy. Veal (2000) has described research as â€Å"systematic and careful inquiry and search for the truth† or an investigation into a subject to discover facts. What is Research? Research is a well defined area of study of a particular problem or issue in its totality or in specific to a particular area of concern. (Veal, 2000). Research should entail the following characteristics, which will be kept in mind by the author while evaluating the subject (Morgan, 2000):- (a) Systematic collection of data. (b) Analytical interpretation of data. (c) Developing a theory and conclusion. The Research Philosophy Modern research has three models; these are positivism, realism and interpretivism. (Cantrell, D. C. (n. d. )). Positivism Positivism entails a scientific stance for research and interpretation of data. Thus only those phenomenon which are observable and measurable are regarded as knowledge. Positivists maintain an independent and objective stance. (Cantrell, D. C. (n. d. )). Phenomenology (Interpretivism) This is opposite of the positivistic approach and is known as interpretivism or phenomenology. (Cantrell, D. C. (n. d. )). Though positivistic and interpretivism paradigm are two extremes, most researchers use elements of both practices, which is implied in realism. This approach is considered the most appropriate for the project as the writer will be carrying out a comparative analysis of the Chinese and the British Banking system with a case study of the Bank of China vis a vis HSBC, London. Since banking systems are not just financial and economic systems but involve social issues in the context of a broader socio-political environment, a realistic approach to research is considered the most suitable. Research Approach There are two strands, which can be adopted, deductive and inductive. The deductive approach is used when a hypothesis is developed and the research design has to test that hypothesis. The deductive approach is amplified by means of a diagram at Figure 1 (Trochim, 2000). Figure 1 On the other hand the inductive approach is related to qualitative data, as a sample used in a case study as contrasting to the large quantum of data which is used in the deductive approach. A theory is said to be developed from data collection in this approach. A diagram showing the inductive approach is at Figure 2 below (Trochim, 2000):-Figure 2 The dynamic nature of the research will entail application of both approaches by the author as in practice almost all the research projects have elements of both the approaches in view of the importance of including both qualitative and quantitative findings. Research Data In general data contains information collected and recorded in note books, questionnaires, audiotapes, videotapes, models, photographs, films and test responses. (Veal, 2000). Research data in this case will be the response of selected customers and managers of Bank of China and HSBC, London. based on a questionnaire.

Cultural Diffusion and Imperialism

Cultural Diffusion and Imperialism World has now become a global village. By global village what we mean is that everything is available to every person through the process of free information flow (Ascher, 2010). Globalization has brought everything closer and that has happened through cultural diffusion. Now to understand what cultural diffusion is, we first have to have a fair idea over what is diffusion. Secondly there is well defined process through which a culture is diffused in other cultures and makes it mark. This culture diffusion affects international business to the core because when we say that globalization have made its presence felt in the global economy, we see that it is there because of culture diffusion in different ways. This has also lead to come sort of cultural imperialism which we shall discuss in length in paragraphs to come. Culture diffusion happens when non material and material culture travels to another culture (Wise, 2008). How this happens is a million dollar question which needs to be answered correctly and to the point. To have a profound knowledge over how it happens we go to the basics of it which is culture hearth. Now culture hearth is a place where civilizations first began and then they spread to different areas. Nowadays culture hearths are considered to be in those countries which are well developed and whose culture gets diffused to other developing countries because they have to be in tandem with each other so to have a good and viable trade. If we talk by considering the present world and international trade, we see that this cultural diffusion has spread many cultural straits wherever they got a chance to get diffused. Sometimes this spread is so rapid that no one can find out its origin, timing and spread. There are two different ways in which a culture is diffused to another culture ; one is acculturation and another is Assimilation (Howes, 1996). Both are the ways in which culture is diffused in another culture. In acculturation what happens is that some cultural traits of strong cultures are being taken up by weak cultures like in ancient times we see that Spain had some cultural traits which are taken from Aztecs. Similarly if we see examples in the modern world we observe that a very common greeting hello is also a cultural trait which is being taken by many cultures as a greeting by default. Why that happened so? Because it has its roots in western world and as West dominated for the last two centuries, all the trade, rules and policies were being written and implemented by Western countries which influenced weak cultures to adopt the greeting and many other things which now we call globalization. On the other hand, another way in which a culture can be diffused is through assimilation. In assimilation what happens is that cultures are intertwined with each other in such a way that it is hard to distinguish between where its origin had been. Lets for example when Arabs came to Indian Subcontinent, the Indians had nothing than a piece of cloth worn up to their knees with an open jacket as their vests but Arabs brought a new culture of a full length suit of cloth covering whole body. Now after centuries the Mongols and the warriors from Afghanistan brought minor changes to the original dress which made people easy to carry, walk and most of all made it best attire which can be used for combat purposes also. End result was that the whole thing got assimilated with each other so quickly that there was little difference left between what people wear in Arabian countries mainly the natives of Arab Emirates and the people wear in subcontinent. It specially pertains to the dressing of men. Other thing which effects diffusion is the cultural barriers, time and distance delay and lastly physical barriers (Rauth, 2004). Cultural barriers includes things which are not acceptable to other culture at any cost for example Mc Donald came up in India with its different burgers mainly in beef but as Indians hold cow as sacred, they do not go for it so Mc Donald have to introduce veggie burgers instead of beef as local cultural barrier never allowed any assimilation or acculturization to take place. In time and distance delay, diffusion is hampered because time and distance which it would take to reach another culture would be more and then would become less futile for example Eskimos who live at poles, their cultures and way of living is different from us and still they are yet to have culture diffusion (Howes, 1996). Time and distance delay is somewhat linked with the physical barriers also which also helps in making things bad for cultural diffusion to take place for example t he terrain which is very tough to pass would obviously make things worse for people to travel hence making it hard to diffuse a culture or similarly a sharp weather change would also create a physical barrier for culture diffusion to take place as it would be difficult to take things from one culture to another as culture traits differ from each other or not even close to each other. That culture is diffused either in expansionary diffusion or relocated diffusion (Said, 1994). We have seen that expansionary diffusion have taken place in most of the places in world where West culture is being adopted by the elite and now it is being transmitted to the lower end of the population. This sort of diffusion is known as hierarchical diffusion in where the spread of a new culture takes place from top to bottom. Example of this is the coffee shops like star bucks, which had no concept in south Asia but they are brought by Westerners who came here for business purposes. They first inculcated the trend in elite and now it is being adopted by every person as it have has transformed many old kiosks for betel leaves and cigarettes into coffee shops. Similarly blackberries; many corporate customers have this gadget in their hands which is attracting other upper middle class people to have it too so to have some satisfaction. Other types include relocation diffusion which happen s when people take their innovations with them to a new place like for example Jews. Jews in Europe were really good in scientific knowledge and due to their astuteness they were being victimized and were sent to concentration camps. When after the world war they relocated themselves in different parts of the world, they went with their knowledge and innovations which brought a lot of prosperity around the globe. Another example of it can be AIDS which spread through relocation diffusion as disease is carried by one person who migrates to another society with having a different culture. Now as diffusion is discussed at length, we now see that whether cultural imperialism can be established through cultural diffusion? Yes to some extent I would agree to it because in international business when there is trade and goods flow from one place to another, it not only takes a new product across the borders but also takes its culture to another place. In other words level of diffusion depends on the factors discussed above and also on a culture being strong as to the culture where it is being diffused as being weak (Hobson, 2010). Like for example the trend of suits around the world, from where it came? It came and assimilated in our culture because it was being followed by a strong culture or in cultural hearth which is American and Europe and from there it diffused to all parts of the world. Mens formal suitings, as we all know, have such an importance that now if a south Korean business tycoon needs to do a deal with his Indian counterpart to open up a microchip factory in Delhi, they would be following their own business rules and formalities but their attire would be formal and would follow the strong cultures dress code which is to have a formal dress suit. Moreover the casual dress in China, a decade ago was not jeans and a tee shirt but now they have taken the affect of American culture as it diffused into their society but why? Because more than 70 percent of Chinas trade is bound for America so Chinese have adopted some practices of American culture which shows us that yes there is diffusion of culture but that does not proves cultural imperialism at any point; people went towards tee shirts and jeans because they were easier to handle, according to the young generation, as compare to traditional safari suits for men and traditional Chinese for women. Apart from this, cultural diffusion does not reflect cultural imperialism for example whole world is following more or less same accounting principles so the rules of debit and credit are same so to imply that it is a product of a particular nation or it is a part of any culture would be a gross mistake. Yes its true that methods of accounting were first brought up by Chinese but significant changes were made throughout.

Achieving Genting Theme Park Objectives Through Marketing

Achieving Genting Theme Park Objectives Through Marketing Tourist attraction is a place of interest to visit that is very popular with tourists whether from local or foreign country. Normally, places of tourist attractions are brings organizations that operate their business in tourism industries tend to overprice their goods and services in order to gain profits. (Viewed 20th December 2009, However in Malaysia, with growing economies in the country, Malaysia rapidly become hotspot for amusement and also developments of theme park in tourism industries. In Malaysia, there are many tourist attractions available for local or foreign tourists to visit; one of the tourist attractions is Genting Theme Park. Genting Theme Park is one of the famous theme parts under Genting Malaysia Berhad which consists of Fist world indoor theme park, outdoor theme park and Water Park. 1.1 The role of Marketing in Helping Genting Theme Park in Achieve Its Objectives As a leading brand in theme park industry, Genting Theme Park can rarely satisfy everyone in a market. Therefore, Genting Theme Park then decides which segment presents the greatest opportunity in target markets. Its targets in kids and family markets visit to their theme park. In order to achieve theme park objectives to be the leading leisure, hospitality and entertainment organization in the world, which will responsive to the changing demands to customers and excel in providing quality services. As were seen the main objectives of an organization is to maximize the revenue and profits, and at the same time also to satisfy needs, wants and demands of customers. The role marketing plays in society is a societal process by which individual and groups obtain what they need and want through offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with each others and the role of marketing in helping Genting Theme park to achieve their objectives is plays an important part and eff orts of an organization in order to develop satisfying relationship with customers that benefit for the both parties, the organization and the customers. These efforts will lead marketing to serve an important role within organizations. However without a strong marketing effort, unlikely of an organization can survive in the tourism market. Normally what the public or costumers knows more about an organization services that provided is depends on their interactions with marketers. Therefore, it is important of Genting Theme park to do the research and development (RD) to meet the needs and wants of the costumers in the market because it has direct effect on sales and profitability for Genting Theme Park. (Viewed 20th December 2009 ) Doing the marketing research and development is very important in order to know what features to design into new services in the theme park, what prices should offer to customers and how much to spend on advertising or sales compare with other competitors. Therefore in marketing point of view, tourism industries commonly would use of four major mass communication tools which is advertising, sales promotions packages, events and experiences, and public relations and publicity for the various customers especially tourists that come from foreign country to knows more about the theme park information about the services, promotions packages and useful massage that provided to their value customers. For example, television advertisements is generally know as the most powerful advertising medium and directly reaches a broad spectrum of costumers. It can be an effective means of vividly demonstrating product and service attributes and persuasively explaining their corresponding consumer bene fits. 2. Social element of the macro environment that are currently impacting Theme Park industry Theme park industry performance could reflect by social issue, social issue either positive or negative is significant role whether difficultly or unhindered to achieve the vision of theme park industry in the future. 2.1 Migration Firstly, migration from one district to another was become an opportunity for theme park industry to hire local communities manage or operate the theme park facilities. In Malaysia, resident had shift their hometown in order to find job at capital city, such as Kuala Lumpur, the situation causing population of capital city increased, therefore as short distance of Genting from Kuala Lumpur become a perfect geography strength to attract local communities working at Genting Theme Park, cause people apply Genting job and employee shortage condition rare occurred. So Genting often had sufficient employee to serve customers especially during the festival such as Chinese New Year, Deepavali, and Christmas Day and so on. 2.2 Global Crisis Secondly, social issues such as global crisis would affect consumers visit to theme park, usually national government advice resident reduce go aboard to foreign and visitors may worry accidence occurred when outbreak global crisis. For example, in 2003, Iraq war and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) breakout causing local visitor and foreigner choose stay away from crowded placed. Through genting has implemented various events to increased number of customers consume in theme park during the difficult period, however the result show that profit before tax of Genting was decreased to RM1, 131 million compare to previous year around RM1, 195 million. (genting, 2003) Consequently, the global crisis would bring negative impact on Genting unavoidable, Genting must expect global crisis may occur in the future and draw up few set of solution to solve these issues. 2.3 Natural Environment Issue Thirdly, natural environment issue may also affect policy on operating theme park industry indirectly. The nature environment issue such as global warming has became serious in recent years, that would brought various natural disasters around the world. Therefore society has awareness the environment pollution that threaten their life, society will concern about global warming and support companies going green. Hence theme park industry has engaged and practice various method to reduce global warming. For example, Genting theme park has installed water flow restrictor that function was reduce water consumption around 5% each month, the cost of material would reduced. In addition, Genting theme park also installation of energy devices and minimum boiler process to reduce heat and air pollution. Furthermore, Genting corporate has planning and development various conservation programmed in the future. These programmed could brought advantage on reduce resource waste and simultaneously o btain margin profit in Genting corporate. (Nre, 2009) 3.0 Economic element of the macro environment that are currently impacting Theme Park industry Theme park industry is currently being impact by the economic elements of the macro environment such as currency exchange rate and unemployment rate. 3.1 Exchange rate The exchange rate affects the oversea tourists coming to their country. In U.K, their British pound exchange rate cost higher than other countries, which makes the tourists unable to afford the expenses to a tour in U.K. A lower British pound exchange rate makes the tourists able to afford the expenses for park experience. A reasonable exchange rate among both countries like U.K and Malaysia, Euro countries and Malaysia will effect on the buying power of the tourists, so the tourist will pay a visit to the park. The currency exchange rates policy either limited by government or followed the global economy trend will positively or negatively affects the tourists attendance. (viewed 20th december2009, ) 3.2 Unemployment rate The unemployment rate is one of the major factors that are influencing the theme park industrys attendance. Unemployment rate in local and oversea will bring different effects to the theme parks attendance, either fewer tourists with more local visitors or vice versa. (http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/documents/areas/ctr/ccp/ThemeParkAttendance%28bw%29.pdf) The revenue the people earn will spend part of it with families going to theme park for leisure time to enjoy during the weekend. If the unemployment rate getting higher in the countries, those people normally will not spending their money in the theme park and they will aim for the theme park promotion period for cheaper ticket. 4.0 Customer element of the micro environment that are currently impacting Genting Theme Park Customer is the person, company,orother entity which buys goods and services produced by another person, company, or other entity. So, customers are playing a very important role in market. Genting Highland Theme Park the first mission is to be responsive to the changing demands of our customers and excel in providing quality products and services. (viewed 2009/12/05 http://www.gentingmalaysia.com/annualreports/2008/rwb2008_missioncontents.pdf) 4.1 The Age and Stage In The Life Cycle The age and stage in the life cycle concept will impact upon the Genting Theme Park. They come from different group status, such as children, youngsters, adult and elderly customers. This is because consumers are from different group of age stage they will impact Genting to build or create new games to service the consumers when traveling at Genting Threme Park. Genting Theme Park will serve their customers with different age with different game either in indoor or outdoor. Such as the customers from children and teenager the indoor games such as Malaysias first 4D Motion Master Theater to give the education movie for them. Because adult customers they will aspire stimulate entertainment and new creative game, Genting Theme Park will build the game in outdoor such as Flying Coaster is the first in Asia. Family life cycle from customers also will impact to Genting Theme Park. In the end of the year holiday season parent will bring their children go to travel therefore family relations hip between parent and children when travel at Genting Theme Park. (Philip Kotler and Kelvin Lane Keller, 2009) 4.2 Consumer Consumption Concept The consumers consumption concept changed impacting the Genting Theme Park. Nowadays each customers had basic education and they consider consumption concept not only focus on buying products, that they know their rights and also consist service consumption, therefore customers would spend more money consume on services in entertainment. As service entertainment industry corporate, Genting provide Theme Park either indoor or outdoor to satisfied demand of customers. Customers can enjoy these exciting game simultaneously that improved family relationship between parents and children. Customers consider ticket price of Genting Theme Park was worth to consume, they could going and playing these entertainment facilities with a whole day. But how when the consumers think that what Genting Theme Park provide is not worthy? 5.0 Competitor Element of the Micro Environment That Are Currently Impacting Genting Theme Park Competitor means a business that provides similar products or services. The presence of competitors in an industry drives down the price of goods and services because consumers have more alternatives from which to choose if the price of a particular good or service is too high. For Genting Theme Park, it also facing different competitor since they joined in this industry. 5.1 Threat of intense segment rivalry In a business field, the competitiveness between corporate will become very strong if it already contains numerous, strong competitor. In Malaysia, Genting Theme park is not only the one numerous and strong theme park, there still have many different theme park that have the competitiveness to compete with Genting. The competition like frequent price wars, advertising battles and promotion battle between Genting Theme Park and other themes park, all these lead Genting have to constantly compare its marketing strategies, products, prices and promotion with other competitors. Otherwise, this will make it expensive to compete. This happen more frequently especially in the holiday period. 5.2 Threats of High Entrants and Low Exits In a business field, competitiveness is high when the entry barriers are higher than exit barriers. Firm enter during good times but find it hard to leave during bad time. As the result, this will leads to chronic overcapacity and depressed earnings for all. In this last 10 years, the new entry of other theme park in Malaysia is more than the exit entry. Many firms join and stay in this industry as long as they can get profit from this industry but if they cannot, as long as they keep continued presence, this will cause dampens profit for everyone. In directly, this lead Genting Theme Park has to dealing with even more competitors in order to keep survived in this business field. 5.3 Threat of Substitute Products A segment is unattractive when there are actual or potential substitutes of the product. If technology advances or competition increases in these substitute industries, prices and profits in the segment are likely to fall. For example, electronic games and theme park is categorized in the entertainment field. Nowadays, the introduced of electronic games like play station, PSP, and computer games becomes a common and necessary amusement tool by the world. People will visit Genting theme park because to have fun, and so that same with playing electronic games-all is about fun. With the introduced of the electronic games, this success attracted the major target of customer of Genting Theme Park, like teenagers. Virtually, this creates a competition between of electronic game business field and Genting Themes Park which in the same business field entertainment. 6.0 Conclusion Marketers do not make decision about target market and marketing mix variables in a vacuum. Research and study should be applied in order to further understanding the market. This will help marketer in making the business plan and business decision

Management Leadership :: essays research papers

Management and Leadership In today’s business, there is the need of having people to lead and manage due to the them growing rapidly. For that, reason organizations are hiring leaders and managers to help them run their businesses. Many would think that management and leadership are synonymous to each other but they are not. The two are related, but their functions are different. Below I will differentiate their roles and responsibilities in maintaining a healthy environment in an organization. In addition, I will give recommendations to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture. Management and leadership are both important in an organization, but they seek two different things. Managers focus on managing the work that needs to be done by putting their employees to help them accomplish the objectives while leaders focus on leading people to the companies vision. Management also focuses on the short-term events, they ensure that the resources are used and improvement is made within time frames of days, weeks and months. Leaders, in the other hand deals with uncertainly, they focused on long term events such as policies and procedures. Managers empowers (not only delegate) staff and develops them for advancement. Managers has to seek feedback and listen, they have too build visions and missions with their staff. Managers has to respond promptly to staff and manager has to manage creatively and to demonstrate good examples to the staff It is important to manage the organization culture and to know the weaknesses. The goal of the organization should not only emphasize on being profitable but also to be an enjoyable place to work in. The most important assets in any organization is its employees, and nothing affects the day to day lives of the employees more than the culture in which they work. Because of poor culture can result in bad work life experience for employees, which in turn will result in higher turnover. Making the cost of retraining people in key positions, and the brain drain that comes because the new person doesn’t know quite as much as the one who left. The culture of the organization needs to be enjoyable. Management Leadership :: essays research papers Management and Leadership In today’s business, there is the need of having people to lead and manage due to the them growing rapidly. For that, reason organizations are hiring leaders and managers to help them run their businesses. Many would think that management and leadership are synonymous to each other but they are not. The two are related, but their functions are different. Below I will differentiate their roles and responsibilities in maintaining a healthy environment in an organization. In addition, I will give recommendations to create and maintain a healthy organizational culture. Management and leadership are both important in an organization, but they seek two different things. Managers focus on managing the work that needs to be done by putting their employees to help them accomplish the objectives while leaders focus on leading people to the companies vision. Management also focuses on the short-term events, they ensure that the resources are used and improvement is made within time frames of days, weeks and months. Leaders, in the other hand deals with uncertainly, they focused on long term events such as policies and procedures. Managers empowers (not only delegate) staff and develops them for advancement. Managers has to seek feedback and listen, they have too build visions and missions with their staff. Managers has to respond promptly to staff and manager has to manage creatively and to demonstrate good examples to the staff It is important to manage the organization culture and to know the weaknesses. The goal of the organization should not only emphasize on being profitable but also to be an enjoyable place to work in. The most important assets in any organization is its employees, and nothing affects the day to day lives of the employees more than the culture in which they work. Because of poor culture can result in bad work life experience for employees, which in turn will result in higher turnover. Making the cost of retraining people in key positions, and the brain drain that comes because the new person doesn’t know quite as much as the one who left. The culture of the organization needs to be enjoyable.

Death Be Not Proud Essay -- essays research papers

	How would you cope if you were going to die? In the memoir Death Be Not Proud by John Gunther, his son Named Johnny is faced with this situation. At an early age, Johnny was found with a brain tumor, and struggles to survive. Johnny later died from the brain tumor. Johnny was loved by many people; much of whom tried his/her best to help Johnny through this ordeal. Although Johnny was faced with death, Johnny faced death with courage throughout the book. Even though Johnny was faced with death, he faced death with courage. Johnny showed that, by keeping a positive attitude through this whole ordeal. Johnny’s hope, positive attitude, and courage kept his death at bay, even in the face of terrible pain and incurable illness. " But later that day he developed an excruciating headache, the only fierce and intense pain he suffered during the whole course of his illness-a small mercy, perhaps, but one to be devoutly grateful for"(p24) Johnny was faced with unimaginable pain throughout his illness; yet he maintained a level of hope and determination to live. At the young age that Johnny was at, and to face death, it must have took a lot of courage to stay positive. Johnny kept fighting, determined to recuperate, even if he had to do things himself. "I watched him give himself a hypodermic injection of liver extract on the side above the hip, an awkward place to reach. I could not possibly have done on anybody, let alon e myself." (p77) Johnny, had to ta...

Leadership Theories/ Approaches Essay

As individuals, all seek to improve their personal, social and professional roles. As organizations, they seek people able to guide others and maximize performance. One of the thoughts that come to people on this is to achieve Leadership but to be able to do it, it is imperative to understand its meaning, its strengths, its weaknesses and all concepts that may help individuals and organizations to approach it in their modern world. Thanks to these needs, many researchers have been looking for answers and ways to represent what is leadership significance. The purpose of this essay is to analyze and discuss two theories/approaches of leadership, in order to gain a better understanding. Every individual experiments the meaning of leadership (in family, school, playground, politics, professional work, among others). Some studies present leadership as a trait or behavior and some others from an information perspective or relational position and to be studied qualitative and quantitative m ethods have been applied in varied contexts (Northouse, 2009). Behave as a leader determinates success in individual ´s careers and outcome in organizations, in other words leadership behavior leads in effectiveness (Lussier and Achua, 2009). Theorist agreed that the perspective or how leadership is interpreted can be divided in two groups: Classical and contemporary theoretical approaches. To focus in modern views could mean to pass over the classical views such as the traits approach, behavior or style approach and the situational approach which are often condemned because according to some authors, it does not cover the whole reality (Winkler, 2009).To discuss this point one of the classics views of leadership as the situational approach is and one modern approach as transformational approach will be developed. Classical approaches undertake just one directional relation between leaders and followers where leaders have particular trait that differentiate them from those who follow them while most of the contemporaries approach consider it a s an interaction process (Winkler, 2009). Classical theories describe characteristics and behavior of leaders (Rost, 1991), opposite of modern approaches which seem it as a complex interaction (Yuki, 2006). Situational approach is one of the most known and diverse approaches of leadership, developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969) based on Reddin ´s (1967). This approach says that different kinds of leadership are required for each different situation which can be inferred as the ability of adaptability to different environments to be an effective leader. Situational approach demands that there are a directive and supportive dimensions which compose it and they are highly important to be applied fittingly to the situation involved. In order to determinate what is required a leader, must understand the scenario and evaluate the employees to identify their skills to perform a task given and after the analysis to choose the level of being directive and supportive (Northouse, 2009). There are cases when one is more suitable than the other. Everything depends on the situation. In other words it means that a leader is called to match their style to the skills of their employees. The most effective leader is who match her or his own style to employees ‘needs. Blanchard (1985) and Blanchard et al (1985) provided a model of situational approaches which was based on the previous model described by Hersey and Blanchard (1969. Situational Leadership. Taken from Blanchard et all (1985). To better understanding the dynamics of situational approach can be divided into two: Leadership styles and Development level of subordinates (Northouse, 2009). The former makes reference to the behavior pattern of a person who seeks influencing others, including the directive or task oriented behavior and the supportive or relationship oriented behavior. According to the graphic below the leadership styles can be discriminated in 4 categories: supportive, coaching, directive and delegating style which is described under each one depending on the levels of directive or supportive behavior assumed. Development levels calls the level of commitment from the employees. It goes from low to high level depending on the interest and confidence on the employees in their work. To mention some of the strengths of the situational approach it is convenient to mention that it give emphasis to the leader flexibility (Graeff, 1983). Leaders need to know their subordinate ´s aims and accommodate to them. Employees do not act or react in the same way for all tasks provided, they distinguish between each one and their behavior is different in each situation, so leaders (Northouse, 2009). Least but not less, situational leadership reminds leaders to treat each subordinate different, according to the task (Fernandez and Vecchio, 1997). On the other hand, there is not enough evidence of research in this field to maintain the theoretical basis (Fernandez and Vecchio, 1997). When looking at Blanchard’s model there is kind of ambiguity because there is not clear relation or combination between commitment and competence in subordinates (Graeff, 1997). To determinate the validity of the relationship established by Hersey and Blanchard ´s model, Vecchio (1987) carried out a test with more of 300 hundred schools and found that teacher new hired whit high structured styles leadership were performing better while experienced teachers were indifferent to the leadership style of the principal (Northouse, 2009). Even when criticized this approach has still some application areas such as consulting because of its easy conceptualization and application. Situational leadership for instance can be applied in the first stage of a project when the conception of the idea is important (Northouse, 2009). To help the reader to understand more about situational approach there are two situations described Situation 1 Budget restrictions were set in the department and a project must be consolidated. The manager thinks to pass this responsibility to an employee who is highly capable and with so much experience. This employee is well known and respected by most if the rest of the staff (Adapted from Northouse (2009)). In this particular situation which actually is faced frequently by organizations, the style of the manager or leader which was assumed is the â€Å"delegating style† when through delegating the accomplishment of the task to the employee is performing a low directive level and low supportive level when is asking the employee to be in charge and because of the capabilities of the employee is allowing them to decide how to do it. Situation 2 Someone was recently named head of a department in a new regional office. When knowing the staff, noticed that one of the experienced employees do not follow the tasks assigned who is new and very enthusiastic and wants to get ahead in the organization (Adapted from Northouse (2009)). . This case describes a very often situation where organizations find some enthusiastic employees who fail following tasks. Because of the lack of experience of the employee but the high motivations to succeed, the most suitable leadership style would be â€Å"Directing†. The employee requires to be told about the specifications of each task of the job and also the performance needs to be monitored. A more contemporary approach is the transformational leadership which stands for creation of a valuable change positive to followers. A transformational leader focuses on transforming others, helping each other to motivate people and maximize the performance of individuals. In particular this leadership approach was created to provide a framework that stop leaders of adopting the last leader style of the day found in any book store. In the nature of transformational leadership consciousness is inherent and also the ability to raise consciousness in others (Hacker and Roberts, 2003). The skills aimed are managerial and leadership and certainness of when call one style on a particular situation (Hacker and Roberts, 2003). Transformational leaders motivate their followers to do more than what they think is possible to do achieving better performances (Bass, 1998). Leaders applied one or more of the four components of the transformational leadership. According to Bass and Avolio (1990) leaders who achieved high performance results, employ the four components: charismatics or idealized influence, Inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration. The former is when followers identify the leader as an example and make it a model. Those leaders obtain the best of the followers because they gain their trust and respect. The inspirational leader, encourage their followers in a positive way and show them security when present their future plans, stimulating people to achieve high performance levels (Bass, 1985). When they stimulate the intellect of their followers, they enhance their creativity and persuade them to re think the ideas to solve a problem. The later, individualized consideration is applied when leaders diagnostic the needs and characteristics of their followers and care about each individual. Into a changing environment, the best leaders are those who are able to create consciousness in their followers about what they do (Bass, 1987). This kind of leadership happens when leaders get their followers highly compromised with their objective into an organization, make then ware of their needs of personal growth, development and achievement of goals, and when motivate them to work well for the general benefit of the organization and not just the personal benefit. An organization having conscious relationships with purpose and direction builds a strong environment to insert radical change (Hacker and Roberts, 2003). Relational transformation and consciousness. Taken from Hacker and Roberts (2003) To illustrate transformational results into an organization the example of leadership in St. Charles medical system, Bend, Oregon (Adapted from Hacker and Roberts, 2003) will be used. Mr. Jim Lussier Leadership position: CEO Organization: St. Charles medical system, Bend, Oregon Transformational results: In 1989, Jim Lussier projected to transform St. Charles Medical Center (SCMC) Jim ´s vision charmed people over the world, resulting in varied questioning about existing hypotheses. The innovative results of reduced costs, reduced lengths of stay, greater patient satisfaction, award-winning service and a long waiting list of nurses seeking being employed, reveal the skills of leader transformation and structuring an organization of meaning. SCMC proved that real caring can coming back to the medical system which for many patients is currently a non-existing service. And for many doctors, nurses and other caregivers they system where they practice is not alive. SCMC under Jim ´s leadership has evidenced something unique that other medical services do not have. To construct his successful approach, Jim employed over 250 task forces to analyze which changes must be done. Through a process of five years Jim and his team redefined the healthcare delivered service, pointing that the spirit of love and compassion must be enhanced to technology and intellect in curing the body. Every process and procedure was reengineered and the healthcare givers were trained in patient-relationship basis, the staff was encouraged to innovate and be creative. When Jim Lussier was asked: How did you build your vision and involve others in? He commented that he created his vision in a personal level and with his mind clear and with the perception of their job as creation of continuum services in order to improve health. He was positive convinced that what they needed were people with a mission in their lives to work with them. Jim ´s statement evidences what the transformational leadership seeks in a leader, it is to get people clear in their minds about his projections and through that get followers that want to take part and improve themselves offering their best. After considering both approaches the author of this essay establishes that even when both were attempted in different times, both are the answers that at their moments were given by the researchers that were interested in improve the performance of organizations. The classical approach discussed which was the situational leadership by its moment found that the style of leaders which Blanchard et al (1985) characterized in four styles (Supporting, Directing, Coaching and delegating) according to the levels of direction and support were related to the commitment and knowledge of subordinates. How the leader behaves influences their subordinates and generates the outcomes into an organization. In a more contemporary scenario where it is recognized that changes happen all the time the requirements of any organizations are based on leaders able to respond to them maximizing the outputs and following the recognition of humans as essential element. So that, leaders were call to establish closer relationships with their teams, to study them, identify their needs and inspire them to perform a greater levels. A leader in the current scenario of business needs to be highly motivator and creative to get others involved in his/her visions. In the author ´s view the characteristics, skill, behavior, among others of a leader are closely related to the business environment where leadership has place. The must be adjusted to the needs and vision of the organization where they exercise it and always procuring to elevates the performance of individuals, gaining their respect, trust, and common commitment. What the author understands as leadership is that it is how individuals obtain enhance employees with organization ´s vision behaving as every particular situation requires, doing it efficiently (do things right) and effectively (doing the right thing). Every individual desiring to be a leader must understand their environment and establish consolidated strategies in order to performance as one. Everyone conscious of themselves, capable of identify their weaknesses and strengths can behave as a leader. REFERENCES Aaker, D.A., Joachimsthaler, E., 2005. Liderazgo de Marca. Deusto Bass, Bernard M. (1981); â€Å"Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research†. New York: Free Press Bass, B.M., 1998. Transformational Leadership: Industrial, Military, and Educational Impact. Routledge. Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J., 1994. Improving Organizational Effectiveness through Transformational Leadership. SAGE Hacker, S. & Roberts, T., 2003. Transformational Leadership: Creating Organizations of Meaning. ASQ Quality Press. Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H (1988). Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources (6th. Ed.) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Lussier, R.N., Achua, C.F., 2009. Leadership: Theory, Application, & Skill Development. Cengage Learning. Northouse, P.G., 2009. Leadership: Theory and Practice. SAGE. Reddin, W. J. (1967, April). The 3-D management style theory. Training and development Journal, pp 8 -17 Vecchio, R.P (1987). Situational leadership theory: An examination of a prescriptive theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 444-451 Winkler, I., 2009. Contemporary Leadership Theories: Enhancing the Understanding of the Complexity, Subjectivity and Dynamic of Leadership. Springer.

The Yellow Wallpaper

In the story the Yellow Wall Paper, the narrator is making a statement which is saying that if you are locked up in a house or â€Å"prison† you are not being allowed to be put to your full potential with society. She is using the narrator's point of view to show how mental issues start to occur when you are confined to one place and have no actual view of the outside world. That statement also includes the effects of your mind when you can only think to yourself and imagine. The main character's mind starts to go insane when thinking too much into things. Throughout the story the main character looks into every little detail of the room and analyzes it. This is the effect of having too much time on her hands and not having anything better to do. The story is about a woman who's husband sent her away to this house to get mentally better and starts to see this wallpaper. She has very strict rules such as not being able to read or write so she starts looking at this wallpaper. While she's looking at this wallpaper she starts to interpret it in many different ways throughout the story. She's irked by the bright yellow outline that is has, which then turns into her seeing heads being hanged. As the story goes on her views of the room get even worse and it doesn't help that her husband John is treating her like a little girl. Her husband has a wrong view of what is going on in her head. She gets annoyed by the fact that she can't even talk to him about the situation she's in. The story goes on to her doing many irrational behaviors in the room and her anxiety gets worse and worse while getting fed up with everything little thing she notices in the room and about the wallpaper. She is also also a Mother that isn't aloud to be near her baby which adds to her anxiety. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a first person point of view with the narrator about how she is feeling â€Å"So I take phosphate or phosphites- whichever it is , and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good†(p490). She is able to capture how the narrator is really feeling. The narrator is a housewife that doesn't have a real job. She wants more out of life; she really wants to be able to read and write so that she can put her thoughts to good use and vent. When her husband took her books away from her, she started to read the wallpaper because she likes to read and analyze and is very good at it by the way she describes the room and the wallpaper. She also didn't put up a fight when she was sent away. She develops a mental illness by being a housewife and not being able to go out. When she is put in this psychiatry room, she starts to get worse. She thinks she's getting better later on in the story because her husband tells her that she can have her life back if she gets better. The narrator is disgusted with the room she's in but tries to make the best of it. She really enjoys and desires human interaction. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the narrator's loneliness â€Å"When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillowcase as to let me have those stimulating people about now†(p. 491). This really shows how she's looking forward to seeing her family to be able to talk about her work. John is her husband who's making all the decisions and holding her back like a child. He doesn't show her much attention because he is always with other patients and often comes to visit her at night. At one point in the story he carried her from one room to another like a baby. That doesn't do her any good because she knows that she's a grown up person and is capable of doing more. By him treating her like a baby makes her feel like a baby, and then continues to more mental issues. John should've treated her like an adult so that she would act more like an adult. Charlotte made him into a controlling character â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction†(p490). This shows how he's controlling the way she does things yet still loves her. She needs more freedom which he doesn't want to give her. He thinks that by putting her in that room she will learn a lesson like a little child and teach herself how to get better. What she really needs is to be able to go out and enjoy what society has to offer her. The room she's in shows what it's like to be deprived by society; the room is like her own little society. She's trying to make the best of it by looking into every little detail of it from the bed to the wallpaper. She wasn't allowed to go out of her house or do anything because John wanted her to be a housewife which is why she started having all of these mental issues. She had to fulfill the duties that John wanted her to do which got boring to a certain point. She is a people's person. Every time that the nurses would come in she always talked to them as if she really knew them. Charlotte Perkins Gilman captures the narrator's thoughts â€Å"I don't like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! â€Å"(p490). She really doesn't like anything about the room she's in. When she looks out her window she sees a lovely country like village full of people which she wishes she could go out and have fun there. Being trapped in a house is the worst thing that is happening to her. She tries to make the best of the situation she's in by thinking into every little thing that annoys her. The room is a symbol of a door that is closed to society. The wallpaper is the main symbol in this story. The narrator starts to see heads that have been hanged which is obvious signs that she is starting to become delusional or insane. The color starts to change from yellow to brown after days of just staring at it. She then starts to see bars on the wallpaper which is representing herself. She feels like she's in a jail cell locked up and is not allowed to have fun or do anything except what John wants her to do. Throughout the story she feels as that it's better for her to be in this room of misery with her baby, so that the baby doesn't have to stare at it all day. She doesn't want her baby â€Å"living in a room full of worlds† which almost signifies the day dreaming that goes on in there. After awhile she starts to look at the positive side of being locked up in that room. The wallpaper whether it was yellow or not, was the main controlling mechanism of the character's mood for story. Her mood no matter day or night was based on the wallpaper she was looking at. The narrator actually asked John during the beginning of her stay to take down the wallpaper since it was causing more nervous trouble, but he didn't. He thought that she was letting it get to her and wanted her to deal with it which is funny because she ended up writing an entire short story about it. The narrator could also be feeling a sense of yellow on the inside. In our world we look as yellow as happy but maybe not as fully. Colors like orange or green are a lot happier. At one point she has a view of a garden which is where she could be picking up some yellow. She even thought there was a yellow smell. The wallpaper effects her so much she feels as if it's getting into her hair. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a very good depiction to help create a mental picture of what is going on in the room: â€Å"The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight(p. 490)†. She shows great use of vocabulary with words such as repellent and revolting along with imagery which catches her reader's eyes. The title is an example of how the narrator can show her intellectual ability and desire of how she feels like she's in prison. The narrator's ability to interpret the wallpaper and every little detail in the room is unique even though it is a psychiatry case. Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the narrator's point of view to really capture how she feels towards the wallpaper which in her mind is disgusting and not her type. Almost every paragraph is about something bad pertaining to the wallpaper. Her intellectual ability is to see and analyze things which may be why she gets along with so many people. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gives a great view saying â€Å"He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency†(p. 91). She clearly has a wild imagination that John is trying to cut down. She might be more of a hands on person. Therefore, the wallpaper brings a very different type of analytical approach. Her husband locked her up in this house so she wasn't being put to her full potential. Instead she started looking at the small things in her house while John just wanted her to si t at home and it turned into a mental illness. Towards the end of the story the narrator really started to go crazy walking around the room. She couldn't stand the fact that her bed was nailed to the floor. She ripped off all the wallpaper when nobody was around. She threw the key out of the room so that nobody can come in or out until John arrives. She even found a rope incase Jennie got in she was going to tie her which is a little crazy. The narrator realizes that if she jumps out the window that people will think she's crazy more than she already is. She's a frustrated psychiatric patient just trying to feel better. She's been in there for about a couple weeks. The wallpaper messes with her head a lot. She can't wait to leave the place she's in. She has everything planned out even taking a boat back to town. Her husband comes back for what she thinks is her last day in the psychiatric room. She rips down all of the wallpaper which showed a lot of courage since her nervousness wasn't letting her do anything til she's satisfied. She then takes the key locks the door and throws it out the window so that when John comes in he looks at her and faints. She does nothing but step over him. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows what is really going on â€Å"I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder†(p500). I think she just about had enough with staying in that room and may have even been feeling better since she worked up the courage to do all that and even walk over her own husband. Charlotte Perkins Gilman used a very easy to read type of style which was helpful in figuring out the plot and building a mental image of what was going on. † I have found out another funny thing, but I shan't tell it this time! I mean to try it, little by little. â€Å"(p498). She has a very broad use of vocabulary but not hard enough to need a dictionary to figure things out. It's interesting that she breaks the story into different parts or chapters. The narrator's character changed in each part, mostly because of the other characters or the wallpaper. Her writing style is also modern compared to other stories in this book. This type of writing style is nice. She uses a character with a mental disorientation and captures what is really going through her mind. Her writing flows just like any other short story but even better. She doesn't make it hard to figure the details out. She is very straight forward with the way she words her sentences. I'm wondering if the author wrote this short story to show another person, or if the author herself was the main character in the story. This seem like it could be a realistic story. In this century there are many mentally ill people ranging from anxiety issues to disorders. This could be a true story. The sentences are short and clear but not at all long enough to get lost in them. The story was literally written as the main character was seeing things. It was even broken up from the start of her being in the psychiatric ward included with a two week break from writing for when John kept visiting her in the beginning. Every thought and movement was written down. The Yellow Wallpaper In the story the Yellow Wall Paper, the narrator is making a statement which is saying that if you are locked up in a house or â€Å"prison† you are not being allowed to be put to your full potential with society. She is using the narrator's point of view to show how mental issues start to occur when you are confined to one place and have no actual view of the outside world. That statement also includes the effects of your mind when you can only think to yourself and imagine. The main character's mind starts to go insane when thinking too much into things. Throughout the story the main character looks into every little detail of the room and analyzes it. This is the effect of having too much time on her hands and not having anything better to do. The story is about a woman who's husband sent her away to this house to get mentally better and starts to see this wallpaper. She has very strict rules such as not being able to read or write so she starts looking at this wallpaper. While she's looking at this wallpaper she starts to interpret it in many different ways throughout the story. She's irked by the bright yellow outline that is has, which then turns into her seeing heads being hanged. As the story goes on her views of the room get even worse and it doesn't help that her husband John is treating her like a little girl. Her husband has a wrong view of what is going on in her head. She gets annoyed by the fact that she can't even talk to him about the situation she's in. The story goes on to her doing many irrational behaviors in the room and her anxiety gets worse and worse while getting fed up with everything little thing she notices in the room and about the wallpaper. She is also also a Mother that isn't aloud to be near her baby which adds to her anxiety. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a first person point of view with the narrator about how she is feeling â€Å"So I take phosphate or phosphites- whichever it is , and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good†(p490). She is able to capture how the narrator is really feeling. The narrator is a housewife that doesn't have a real job. She wants more out of life; she really wants to be able to read and write so that she can put her thoughts to good use and vent. When her husband took her books away from her, she started to read the wallpaper because she likes to read and analyze and is very good at it by the way she describes the room and the wallpaper. She also didn't put up a fight when she was sent away. She develops a mental illness by being a housewife and not being able to go out. When she is put in this psychiatry room, she starts to get worse. She thinks she's getting better later on in the story because her husband tells her that she can have her life back if she gets better. The narrator is disgusted with the room she's in but tries to make the best of it. She really enjoys and desires human interaction. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows the narrator's loneliness â€Å"When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillowcase as to let me have those stimulating people about now†(p. 491). This really shows how she's looking forward to seeing her family to be able to talk about her work. John is her husband who's making all the decisions and holding her back like a child. He doesn't show her much attention because he is always with other patients and often comes to visit her at night. At one point in the story he carried her from one room to another like a baby. That doesn't do her any good because she knows that she's a grown up person and is capable of doing more. By him treating her like a baby makes her feel like a baby, and then continues to more mental issues. John should've treated her like an adult so that she would act more like an adult. Charlotte made him into a controlling character â€Å"He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction†(p490). This shows how he's controlling the way she does things yet still loves her. She needs more freedom which he doesn't want to give her. He thinks that by putting her in that room she will learn a lesson like a little child and teach herself how to get better. What she really needs is to be able to go out and enjoy what society has to offer her. The room she's in shows what it's like to be deprived by society; the room is like her own little society. She's trying to make the best of it by looking into every little detail of it from the bed to the wallpaper. She wasn't allowed to go out of her house or do anything because John wanted her to be a housewife which is why she started having all of these mental issues. She had to fulfill the duties that John wanted her to do which got boring to a certain point. She is a people's person. Every time that the nurses would come in she always talked to them as if she really knew them. Charlotte Perkins Gilman captures the narrator's thoughts â€Å"I don't like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! â€Å"(p490). She really doesn't like anything about the room she's in. When she looks out her window she sees a lovely country like village full of people which she wishes she could go out and have fun there. Being trapped in a house is the worst thing that is happening to her. She tries to make the best of the situation she's in by thinking into every little thing that annoys her. The room is a symbol of a door that is closed to society. The wallpaper is the main symbol in this story. The narrator starts to see heads that have been hanged which is obvious signs that she is starting to become delusional or insane. The color starts to change from yellow to brown after days of just staring at it. She then starts to see bars on the wallpaper which is representing herself. She feels like she's in a jail cell locked up and is not allowed to have fun or do anything except what John wants her to do. Throughout the story she feels as that it's better for her to be in this room of misery with her baby, so that the baby doesn't have to stare at it all day. She doesn't want her baby â€Å"living in a room full of worlds† which almost signifies the day dreaming that goes on in there. After awhile she starts to look at the positive side of being locked up in that room. The wallpaper whether it was yellow or not, was the main controlling mechanism of the character's mood for story. Her mood no matter day or night was based on the wallpaper she was looking at. The narrator actually asked John during the beginning of her stay to take down the wallpaper since it was causing more nervous trouble, but he didn't. He thought that she was letting it get to her and wanted her to deal with it which is funny because she ended up writing an entire short story about it. The narrator could also be feeling a sense of yellow on the inside. In our world we look as yellow as happy but maybe not as fully. Colors like orange or green are a lot happier. At one point she has a view of a garden which is where she could be picking up some yellow. She even thought there was a yellow smell. The wallpaper effects her so much she feels as if it's getting into her hair. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows a very good depiction to help create a mental picture of what is going on in the room: â€Å"The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight(p. 490)†. She shows great use of vocabulary with words such as repellent and revolting along with imagery which catches her reader's eyes. The title is an example of how the narrator can show her intellectual ability and desire of how she feels like she's in prison. The narrator's ability to interpret the wallpaper and every little detail in the room is unique even though it is a psychiatry case. Charlotte Perkins Gilman uses the narrator's point of view to really capture how she feels towards the wallpaper which in her mind is disgusting and not her type. Almost every paragraph is about something bad pertaining to the wallpaper. Her intellectual ability is to see and analyze things which may be why she gets along with so many people. Charlotte Perkins Gilman gives a great view saying â€Å"He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency†(p. 91). She clearly has a wild imagination that John is trying to cut down. She might be more of a hands on person. Therefore, the wallpaper brings a very different type of analytical approach. Her husband locked her up in this house so she wasn't being put to her full potential. Instead she started looking at the small things in her house while John just wanted her to si t at home and it turned into a mental illness. Towards the end of the story the narrator really started to go crazy walking around the room. She couldn't stand the fact that her bed was nailed to the floor. She ripped off all the wallpaper when nobody was around. She threw the key out of the room so that nobody can come in or out until John arrives. She even found a rope incase Jennie got in she was going to tie her which is a little crazy. The narrator realizes that if she jumps out the window that people will think she's crazy more than she already is. She's a frustrated psychiatric patient just trying to feel better. She's been in there for about a couple weeks. The wallpaper messes with her head a lot. She can't wait to leave the place she's in. She has everything planned out even taking a boat back to town. Her husband comes back for what she thinks is her last day in the psychiatric room. She rips down all of the wallpaper which showed a lot of courage since her nervousness wasn't letting her do anything til she's satisfied. She then takes the key locks the door and throws it out the window so that when John comes in he looks at her and faints. She does nothing but step over him. Charlotte Perkins Gilman shows what is really going on â€Å"I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder†(p500). I think she just about had enough with staying in that room and may have even been feeling better since she worked up the courage to do all that and even walk over her own husband. Charlotte Perkins Gilman used a very easy to read type of style which was helpful in figuring out the plot and building a mental image of what was going on. † I have found out another funny thing, but I shan't tell it this time! I mean to try it, little by little. â€Å"(p498). She has a very broad use of vocabulary but not hard enough to need a dictionary to figure things out. It's interesting that she breaks the story into different parts or chapters. The narrator's character changed in each part, mostly because of the other characters or the wallpaper. Her writing style is also modern compared to other stories in this book. This type of writing style is nice. She uses a character with a mental disorientation and captures what is really going through her mind. Her writing flows just like any other short story but even better. She doesn't make it hard to figure the details out. She is very straight forward with the way she words her sentences. I'm wondering if the author wrote this short story to show another person, or if the author herself was the main character in the story. This seem like it could be a realistic story. In this century there are many mentally ill people ranging from anxiety issues to disorders. This could be a true story. The sentences are short and clear but not at all long enough to get lost in them. The story was literally written as the main character was seeing things. It was even broken up from the start of her being in the psychiatric ward included with a two week break from writing for when John kept visiting her in the beginning. Every thought and movement was written down.